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The national multimodal transport accessibility assessment is one of the \u201cbasic\u201d analyses for the design and implementation of these policies, whereas existing national\u2010scale accessibility studies either focus on single\u2010mode or two\u2010mode transport or ignore the schedule\u2010dependent nature of railway and airline. This article models the integrated road, railway, airline, and walking transport as a four\u2010layer network with the consideration of their interdependencies. An algorithm is then developed to accurately assess the travel time\u2010based accessibility on the four\u2010layer network with the consideration of the daily schedule of trains and flights. The proposed approach is applied to map accessibility to 363 cities in mainland China and analyze the optimal travel modes. In addition, this article investigates the travel time\u2010based vulnerability of the national multimodal transport system in mainland China under the extreme storm recently occurred in Zhengzhou (July 2021). The findings in this work provide insightful suggestions for transport planners to design the national multimodal transport systems and for stakeholders to schedule travels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.14094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T22:41:45Z","timestamp":1673995305000},"page":"2312-2329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["An approach for accessibility assessment and vulnerability analysis of national multimodal transport systems"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Key Lab. for Image Processing and Intelligent Control Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Key Lab. for Image Processing and Intelligent Control Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-2615(93)90016-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3846\/16484142.2012.753641"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.12279"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2015.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2014.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2020.102442"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-019-0266-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/REST_a_00660"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14488353.2017.1336895"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2021.108184"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/22596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2012.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-8564(00)00003-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00343404.2016.1262017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2017.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9781785366048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2020.102453"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2020.102190"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-020-00619-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2015.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjw002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.retrec.2016.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","unstructured":"European Commission. 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