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This study assesses the microbial water quality of four ornamental water fountains (Bl\u00e4tterbrunnen, K\u00f6rtingbrunnen, Klaus\u2013Bahlsen\u2013Brunnen, and Marstallbrunnen) and performs a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) for children using <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, Enterococci, and <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> to quantify the probability of gastrointestinal illnesses and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> to quantify the risk of dermal infections. Samples were collected fortnightly in two campaigns in 2020 and 2021 and processed to determine bacterial concentrations. Data on exposure time were obtained during field observations on the selected fountains; a total of 499 people were observed of which 30% were children. Mean bacterial concentrations ranged from 1.6\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> to 6.1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> most probable number (MPN)\/100\u00a0mL for <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, 1.2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\u20131.2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\u00a0MPN\/100\u00a0mL for Enterococci, 8.6\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\u20133.1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\u00a0CFU\/100\u00a0mL for <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, and 2.5\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\u20133.2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\u00a0MPN\/100\u00a0mL for <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>. The results of the QMRA study showed that the USEPA illness rate of 36 NEEAR\u2010gastrointestinal illnesses\/1000 was exceeded for Enterococci at the K\u00f6rtingbrunnen, Klaus\u2013Bahlsen\u2013Brunnen, and Marstallbrunnen fountains and for <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> at the K\u00f6rtingbrunnen fountain, suggesting that exposure to microbiologically contaminated water from ornamental fountains may pose a health risk to children. The scenario analysis shows the importance of keeping low bacterial concentrations in ornamental fountains so that the risk of illness\/infection to children does not exceed the USEPA illness rate benchmark.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.14145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T12:34:19Z","timestamp":1681734859000},"page":"24-39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Microbiological water quality and derived health risks from exposure to ornamental water fountains in the city of Hannover"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Estefania","family":"Carpio Vallejo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Siedlungswasserwirtschaft und Abfalltechnik Leibniz University  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urda","family":"D\u00fcker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Siedlungswasserwirtschaft und Abfalltechnik Leibniz University  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Siedlungswasserwirtschaft und Abfalltechnik Leibniz University  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Berding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plan Zwei Stadtplanung und Architektur  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Siedlungswasserwirtschaft und Abfalltechnik Leibniz University  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00944\u201010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"1127","article-title":"Determination of microbial quality and plasmid\u2010mediated multidrug resistant bacteria in fountain drinking water sources in Turkey","volume":"33","author":"Akturk S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2021.26.41.2002041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539\u20106924.2008.01038.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c05693"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"CAMRA. 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