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Nevertheless, there are many who are skeptical of vaccination, something which has been very clearly demonstrated in relation to the COVID\u201019 disease. Risk is the key concept when evaluating a vaccine, in relation to both its ability to protect against the disease and its side effects. However, risk is a challenging concept to measure, which makes communication about vaccines\u2019 performance and side effects difficult. The present article aims at providing new insights into vaccine risks\u2014the understanding, perception, communication, and handling of them\u2014by adopting what is here referred to as a contemporary risk science perspective. This perspective clarifies the relationships between the risk concept and terms like uncertainty, knowledge, and probability. The skepticism toward vaccines is multifaceted, and influenced by concerns that extend beyond the effectiveness and safety of the vaccines. However, by clarifying the relationships between key concepts of risk, particularly how uncertainty affects risk and its characterization, we can improve our understanding of this issue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.14228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T01:28:20Z","timestamp":1695691700000},"page":"2780-2796","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A risk science perspective on vaccines"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Glette\u2010Iversen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Safety, Economics and Planning University of Stavanger  Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terje","family":"Aven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Safety, Economics and Planning University of Stavanger  Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2967-9104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Flage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Safety, Economics and Planning University of Stavanger  Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-022-09316-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00036-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2014.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2015.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"Aven T.(2021).Characterizing and interpreting health risks: Challenges and suggestions for how to improve current practice. 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