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Guidelines on exposure thresholds to limit thermal effects from these emissions are restricted to humans. However, tissue heating can occur in all living organisms that are exposed. In addition, exposure at millimetric frequencies used by 5G may impact surface tissues and organs of plants and small\u2010size species. It is also expected that the addition of 5G to existing networks will intensify radiofrequency absorption by living organisms.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A European Parliament report proposed policy options on the effects of RF\u2010EMF exposure of plants, animals, and other living organisms in the context of 5G: funding more research, implementing monitoring networks, accessing more information from operators on antennas and EMF emissions, and developing compliance studies when antennas are installed. However, there is no evidence on the preferences of relevant stakeholders regarding these policy options. This paper reports the findings of a survey of key European stakeholders\u2019 policy option preferences based on the European Parliament's report. It reveals a broad consensus on funding more research on the effects of exposure of plants, animals, and other living organisms to EMFs. It also highlights the need for deliberation concerning the other policy options that could provide solutions for regulatory authorities, central administrations, the private sector, nongovernmental associations and advocates, and academics. Such deliberation would pave the way for effective solutions, focusing on long\u2010term output from funding research, and enabling short\u2010term socially and economically acceptable actions for all parties concerned.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.14322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T07:35:57Z","timestamp":1716363357000},"page":"2554-2568","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The exposure of nonhuman living organisms to mobile communication emissions: A survey to establish European stakeholders\u2019 policy option preferences"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Recuero Virto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"L\u00e9onard de Vinci P\u00f4le Universitaire, Research Center, Paris La D\u00e9fense  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arno","family":"Thielens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology Ghent University\u2010imec  Ghent Belgium"},{"name":"Belgium &amp; Advanced Science and Research Center The City University of New York  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Czerwi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Grassland and Natural Landscape Sciences Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences  Pozna\u0144 Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my","family":"Froidevaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Stirling  Stirling UK"},{"name":"Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Agence Nationale des Fr\u00e9quences (ANFR). 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