{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T21:47:53Z","timestamp":1767044873700,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Risk Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the complex scenario of a major epidemic, apart from the superior government's efforts to promote policy implementation through political incentives and fiscal transfer payments, local governments must strive to balance the inherent tension between public health containment policies and economic stability objectives. In addition, they must carefully select the appropriate transition timing from the emergency response phase to the routine management phase. Considering the hierarchical governance structure and the strategic dynamic decision\u2010making processes involved, this paper examines the equilibrium decision\u2010makings of resource allocation and transition timing between superior and local governments within a differential game framework. Our analysis reveals that during the emergency stage, amplifying political incentives and subsidizing localized epidemic prevention costs robustly enhance policy implementation efficiency. Conversely, in the routine management phase, increased fiscal support for epidemic control exhibits diminishing returns, as effectiveness becomes contingent on the prioritization of economic recovery over sustained containment. Furthermore, the optimal transition timing between two phases depends critically on the marginal cost of containment policies and regional economic growth rates. Methodologically, this study develops a dynamic public crisis management framework that integrates fiscal mechanisms with political incentive structures, offering policymakers a quantitative instrument for designing multi\u2010level and multi\u2010stage governance strategies. The findings not only enhance the flexibility of the pandemic response systems but also provide a theoretical foundation for analyzing the dynamic implementation of policies in the hierarchical governance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.70159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T02:05:07Z","timestamp":1765332307000},"page":"5043-5064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hierarchical Governance in Public Crisis: A Differential Game Analysis of Epidemic Containment, Economic Stability, and Transition Timing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Dehai","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Administration Dongbei University of Finance and Economics  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunxiang","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management Science and Engineering Dongbei University of Finance and Economics  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Administration Dongbei University of Finance and Economics  Dalian China"},{"name":"Institute of Mathematics and System Science Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huang","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Administration University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/manc.12513"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rationing Scarce Healthcare Capacity: A Study of the Ventilator Allocation Guidelines During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic","volume":"00","author":"Anderson D. 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