{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T08:02:18Z","timestamp":1771142538608,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Risk Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Some outcomes in medical and public health research, as well as clinical practice, must rely on patient reports and may be influenced by the prior knowledge of the patient. During the early months of the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 epidemic, changes in the sense of smell and taste were widely reported as a distinctive aspect of the new respiratory contagion. Using a Rubin Model of causal inference and data from a California Department of Public Health\u2013sponsored survey of California farmworker health, we estimate that approximately half (56.5%) of infected patients reporting olfactory changes after a diagnosis of Covid\u201019 would not have reported olfactory changes if not made aware of their Covid\u201019 infection. The observations support a similar conclusion with respect to Covid\u201019\u2010related changes in the sense of taste.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.70177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T15:10:11Z","timestamp":1769785811000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Expectation as a Risk for Covid\u201019\u2010Related Olfactory Changes: Observations From the California Farmworkers Health Survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Derry","family":"Ridgway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Research Institute University of California  Merced California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nimrat K.","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Research Institute University of California  Merced California USA"},{"name":"Department of Public Health University of California  Merced California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Research and Community Health School of Public Health University of California  Berkeley California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Kogut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Research and Community Health School of Public Health University of California  Berkeley California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Research Institute University of California  Merced California USA"},{"name":"Department of Public Health University of California  Merced California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Eskenazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Research and Community Health School of Public Health University of California  Berkeley California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Farmworker Health in California. 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