{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:51:05Z","timestamp":1791258665245,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Risk Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Online public opinion concerning emergencies presents challenges to social stability due to its rapid dissemination and complex evolutionary nature. Accurate risk classification is essential for effective early warning. Current risk classification methods, however, face limitations such as difficulty in capturing complex structural features at a single scale, inadequate representation of local risk variations, and imprecision in threshold determination. To address these issues, this article proposes a risk classification method on the basis of the fractal hierarchical clustering optimization (FHCO) algorithm for public risk perception and discursive reflection. First, a comprehensive set of risk indicators for online public opinion is constructed. Next, fractal characteristics\u2014including the correlation function, generalized dimension spectrum, singularity index, and fractal spectrum\u2014are calculated. These fractal features are then clustered using the FHCO algorithm, and the final risk level is determined by integrating the comprehensive risk score. To validate the method's effectiveness, the \u201c7.20\u201d Zhengzhou rainstorm incident was analyzed as a case study, along with 27 other high\u2010risk public opinion events. Results indicate that the proposed method achieves an accuracy of 92.86%, significantly outperforming the traditional\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010means (64.29%) and\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010medoids (82.14%) algorithms. This demonstrates that the method can effectively improve the accuracy of risk classification, providing new insights and technical support for the early identification of online public opinion risks associated with emergencies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.70358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T06:43:12Z","timestamp":1789713792000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Research on Risk Classification of Online Public Opinion in Emergencies Based on FHCO Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Xing","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management Southwest Petroleum University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoshuang","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management Southwest Petroleum University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Research on the Risk Assessment of Online Public Opinion in Public Health Emergencies","volume":"43","author":"Chen Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Information Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.04.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Research on Risk Classification and Prediction of Negative Online Public Opinion Based on Information Correlation","volume":"40","author":"Deng J. 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X.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Geo\u2010information Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2124-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00308.x"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","first-page":"1208","article-title":"Research on Risk Warning of Network Public Opinion for Forest Fires From the Perspective for Information Ecology","volume":"44","author":"Guoqing Z.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science)"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","first-page":"1294","article-title":"Research on the Construction of Major Emergencies Picture From a Philosophical Perspective","volume":"41","author":"Haitao Z.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the China Society for Scientific and Technical Information"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.33.1141"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2789(83)90235-X"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"98","article-title":"Research on Online Public Opinion Risk Early Warning Triggered by Generative Artificial Intelligence","volume":"44","author":"Huang W.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligence"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Risk Assessment Methods and Application of Online Public Opinion on Emergencies","volume":"36","author":"Huang X.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Information Science"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"136","article-title":"A Review on Internet Public Opinion Modeling Methods","volume":"58","author":"Jiang S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Library and Information Service"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Risk Classification and Prediction of Negative Network Public Opinion Based on Information Correlation","volume":"40","author":"Jiangao D.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Information Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Public Opinion Transmission of Micro\u2010Blog Network Based on Improved SIR Model","volume":"37","author":"Jing W.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Information Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Public Opinion Transmission of Micro\u2010blog Network Based on Improved SIR Model","volume":"37","author":"Jing W.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Information Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1988.tb01168.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","unstructured":"LiH. Y.2017.Monitoring and early warning of Internet public opinion in water conservancy project.28 no.1:2432\u20132436."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2025.108812"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Research on Online Public Opinion Risk Assessment for Public Emergencies: a Case Study of the \"3\u00b721\" Xiangshui Chemical Enterprise Explosion","volume":"41","author":"Li M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contemporary Economic Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk Assessment and Early Warning of University Network Public Opinion","volume":"40","author":"Liu Y.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Information Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","first-page":"236","article-title":"Topic Evolution of Microblog Public Opinion in Earthquake Events","volume":"37","author":"Liu L. 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Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","first-page":"1294","article-title":"Research on the Construction of Major Emergencies Landscape From a Philosophical Perspective","volume":"41","author":"Zhang H. T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the Intelligence"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","first-page":"190","article-title":"Application of Spark\u2010based Mean Shift Algorithm in Network Public Opinion Clustering","volume":"19","author":"Zhang J. K.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Software Guide"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Research on Public Health Emergencies and Discourse Response of Government New media: a Case Study of COVID\u201019 Pandemic","volume":"2","author":"Zhang W","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jianghai Academic Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Novel Risk Communication Model for Online Public Opinion Dissemination That Integrates the SIR and Markov Chains","volume":"6","author":"Zhou Q.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Risk Analysis"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","first-page":"1208","article-title":"Research on Online Public Opinion Risk Early Warning of Forest Fire From the Perspective of Information Ecology","volume":"44","author":"Zhu G. Q.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science)"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Can Public Opinions Improve the Effect of Financial Early Warning?\u2014An Empirical Study on the New Energy Industry","volume":"10","author":"Ziya Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heliyon"}],"container-title":["Risk Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/risa.70358","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/risa.70358","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/risa.70358","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:01:28Z","timestamp":1791255688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/risa.70358"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/risa.70358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/risa.70358","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-4332","1539-6924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-4332","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-6924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70358"}}