{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T09:52:34Z","timestamp":1791366754667,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2222096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2222096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Risk Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Natural hazards significantly disrupt access to essential services, affecting individuals' capacity to withstand and recover from such events. However, existing hazard resilience models often fail to account for the interdependencies among essential services and lack the spatial resolution needed to assess accessibility loss at the building level. This study introduces the\n                    <jats:bold>Predicting Loss of Access to Essential Services (AccES)<\/jats:bold>\n                    framework\u2014a novel, data\u2010driven, and people\u2010centered approach that uses publicly available information to evaluate accessibility following a natural hazard event. The framework integrates open\u2010source datasets with local stakeholder knowledge to develop spatially explicit models of interconnected infrastructure networks, including power, water, and communication networks, along with their dependent service facilities such as hospitals, childcare centers, and grocery stores. Accessibility loss is assessed by evaluating the disruptions to infrastructure networks and service facilities, estimating (1) the probability that individual buildings lose access to infrastructure services and (2) the expected increase in travel distance to the nearest operational service facility. To demonstrate the framework's utility, a case study was conducted in Cayey, Puerto Rico, simulating the impacts of a Category 2 tropical cyclone. Results highlight spatial disparities in accessibility loss, with rural and socially vulnerable areas facing greater burdens. AccES advances hazard resilience modeling by providing a scalable, equity\u2010oriented tool to support data\u2010informed decision\u2010making for both pre\u2010disaster planning and post\u2010disaster response.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.70373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T09:12:41Z","timestamp":1791364361000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["AccES: A Framework for Predicting Building\u2010Level Loss of Accessibility to Essential Services Post\u2010Disasters Based on Publicly Available Information"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6605-7080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaira","family":"Pagan\u2010Cajigas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial &amp; Operations Engineering University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6024-0303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seth","family":"Guikema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial &amp; Operations Engineering University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Civil &amp; Environmental Engineering University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson S. C.Barford andP.Barford.2020. \u201cFive Alarms: Assessing the Vulnerabilities of Us Cellular Communication Infrastructure to Wildfires.\u201dProceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference 162\u2013175.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3419394.3423663.","DOI":"10.1145\/3419394.3423663"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Argonne National Laboratory.2016.Onsite and Electric Power Backup Capabilities at Critical Infrastructure Facilities in the United States.Argonne National Laboratory."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Infraestructura de acueductos y sanitaria","author":"Autoridad de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AAA)","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bilionis D. V. andD.Vamvatsikos.Wind performance assesmentof telecommunication towers: A case study in Greece in: COM-PDYN Proceedings 24\u201326 June 2019 Crete Greece 5741\u20135755.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7712\/120119.7342.19629 2019.","DOI":"10.7712\/120119.7342.19629"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000108","article-title":"Hurricane Risk Assessment of Power Distribution Poles Considering Impacts of Changing Climate","volume":"19","author":"Bjarnadottir S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Infrastructure Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2023.109653","article-title":"Understanding Cascading Risks Through Real\u2010World Interdependent Urban Infrastructure","volume":"241","author":"Brunner L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/00045608.2014.960039","article-title":"A Validation of Metrics for Community Resilience to Natural Hazards and Disasters Using the Recovery from Hurricane Katrina as a Case Study","volume":"105","author":"Burton C. G.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103870","article-title":"Measurement of Community Resilience Using the Baseline Resilience Indicator for Communities (Bric) Framework: A Systematic Review","volume":"95","author":"Camacho C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Health and Social Services in Puerto Rico before and after Hurricane Maria: Predisaster Conditions, Hurricane Damage, and Themes for Recovery","author":"Chandra A.","year":"2021"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1002\/eqe.2422","article-title":"Physical Infrastructure Interdependency and Regional Resilience Index After the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake in Japan","volume":"43","author":"Cimellaro G. P.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-54558-5_17","volume-title":"Smart Cities in the Mediterranean: Coping with Sustainability Objectives in Small and Medium\u2010sized Cities and Island Communities","author":"Ciornei I.","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000401","article-title":"Equitable Resilience in Infrastructure Systems: Empirical Assessment of Disparities in Hardship Experiences of Vulnerable Populations during Service Disruptions","volume":"21","author":"Coleman N.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Natural Hazards Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s44304-024-00022-x","article-title":"Weaving Equity Into Infrastructure Resilience Research: A Decadal Review and Future Directions","volume":"1","author":"Coleman N.","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Natural Hazards"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2016.12.010","article-title":"Lack of Spatial Resilience in a Recovery Process: Case L'Aquila, Italy","volume":"121","author":"Contreras D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2014.08.005","article-title":"The Geographies of Community Disaster Resilience","volume":"29","author":"Cutter S. L.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Global Environmental Change"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2202\/1547-7355.1732","article-title":"Disaster Resilience Indicators for Benchmarking Baseline Conditions","volume":"7","author":"Cutter S. L.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","volume-title":"Community Resilience Indicator Analysis: Commonly Used Indicators from Peer\u2010Reviewed Research (Updated for Research Published 2003\u20132021","author":"Edgemon L.","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s43065-024-00104-0","article-title":"Measuring Post\u2010Disaster Accessibility to Essential Goods and Services: Proximity, Availability, Adequacy, and Acceptability Dimensions","volume":"5","author":"Enderami S. A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Infrastructure Preservation and Resilience"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).2011.A Whole Community Approach to Emergency Management: Principles Themes and Pathways for Action.Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).https:\/\/www.fema.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2020\u201007\/whole_community_dec2011__2.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).2020.HAZUS Earthquake Model Technical Manual (Version 2.1).Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","unstructured":"Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).2023.Community Lifelines Implementation Toolkit 2.1.Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).https:\/\/www.fema.gov\/emergency\u2010managers\/practitioners\/lifelines."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43065\u2010026\u201000176\u20100"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jfr3.12600","article-title":"Critical Infrastructure Cascading Effects. Disaster Resilience Assessment For Floods Affecting The City Of Cologne and Rhein\u2010Erft\u2010Kreis","volume":"13","author":"Fekete A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Flood Risk Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145734","article-title":"An Open Resilience Index: Crowdsourced Indicators Empirically Developed from Natural Hazard and Climatic Event Data","volume":"774","author":"Feldmeyer D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","volume-title":"RIMA 2: Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis 2","author":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)","year":"2016"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.13344","article-title":"Selecting Indicators for Assessing Community Sustainable Resilience","volume":"39","author":"Gillespie\u2010Marthaler L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Risk Analysis"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/23789689.2016.1254999","article-title":"Modeling the Resilience of Critical Infrastructure: The Role of Network Dependencies","volume":"1","author":"Guidotti R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1076-0342(2009)15:2(61)","article-title":"Reliability Estimation for Networks of Reinforced Concrete Bridges","volume":"15","author":"Guikema S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Infrastructure Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2008.80","article-title":"OpenStreetMap: User\u2010Generated Street Maps","volume":"7","author":"Haklay M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Pervasive Computing"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2009.01280.x","article-title":"Improving the Predictive Accuracy of Hurricane Power Outage Forecasts Using Generalized Additive Models","volume":"29","author":"Han S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Risk Analysis"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2008.02.018","article-title":"Estimating the Spatial Distribution of Power Outages during Hurricanes in the Gulf Coast Region","volume":"94","author":"Han S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","unstructured":"Homeland Security Presidential Directive.2003.Critical Infrastructure Sectors.Administration of George W. Bush."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009157896.013","volume-title":"Climate Change 2021 \u2013 The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)IS.1943\u2010555X.0000329"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2010.06.010","article-title":"An Approach for Modelling Interdependent Infrastructuresin the Context of Vulnerability Analysis","volume":"95","author":"Johansson J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","unstructured":"Khoury N.2025.Statement of Naji Khoury President and CEO Liberty Communications of Puerto Rico November 17 2022. Accessed April 8."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2017.06.022","article-title":"A Software Framework for Assessing the Resilience of Drinking Water Systems to Disasters with an Example Earthquake Case Study","volume":"95","author":"Klise K. A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environmental Modelling and Software"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","volume-title":"Simulation Modeling and Analysis","author":"Law A. M.","year":"2014"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2005.11.005","article-title":"Hurricane Damage to Residential Construction in the US: Importance of Uncertainty Modeling in Risk Assessment","author":"Li Y.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Engineering Structures"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.13492","article-title":"Reframing Resilience: Equitable Access to Essential Services","volume":"40","author":"Logan T. M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Risk Analysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","first-page":"380","article-title":"Rules of Operation of Shops and Schools","volume":"37","author":"Louisiana State Legislature","year":"2024","journal-title":"la rev stat rs"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.3390\/en14061571","article-title":"The Resilience of Critical Infrastructure Systems: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"14","author":"Mottahedi A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","unstructured":"National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO).2021.Electricity\u2010Water Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies: How States Can Enhance Resilience and Reduce Risks.U.S. Department of Energy."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","volume-title":"Learning From Hurricane Maria's Impacts on Puerto Rico","author":"National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)","year":"2021"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7896","DOI":"10.3390\/su12197896","article-title":"Modelling, Measuring, and Visualizing Community Resilience: A Systematic Review","volume":"12","author":"Nguyen H. L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-007-9156-6","article-title":"Community Resilience as a Metaphor, Theory, Set of Capacities, and Strategy for Disaster Readiness","volume":"41","author":"Norris F. H.","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","unstructured":"Norwegian Directorate for Civil Protection.2017.Vital Functions in Society: What Functional Capabilities Must Society Maintain at All Times?.Norwegian Directorate for Civil Protection."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","unstructured":"OpenStreetMap Contributors.2017.Planet Dump. retrieved fromhttps:\/\/planet.osm.org. OpenStreetMap.https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org."},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.70004","article-title":"Water Outage Predictions for Natural Hazards Using Synthetic Water Distribution Systems","volume":"45","author":"Pagan\u2010Cajigas Z. P.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Risk Analysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s42400-021-00071-z","article-title":"Cascading Effects of Cyberattacks on Interconnected Critical Infrastructure","volume":"4","author":"Palleti V. R.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cybersecurity"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","unstructured":"Patel S. S. M. B.Rogers R.Amlot andG. J.Rubin.2017. \u201cWhat Do We Mean by \u201cCommunity Resilience\u201d? A Systematic Literature Review Of How It Is Defined in the Literature.\u201dPLOS Currents Disasters9."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198102000-00001","article-title":"The Concept of Access","volume":"19","author":"Penchansky R.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2015.03.007","article-title":"A Systematic Literature Review of Resilience Engineering: Research Areas and a Research Agenda Proposal","volume":"141","author":"Righi A. W.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1109\/37.969131","article-title":"Identifying, Understanding, and Analyzing Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies","volume":"21","author":"Rinaldi S. M.","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Control Systems Magazine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1177\/1355819615600001","article-title":"Improving Access: Modifying Penchansky and Thomas's Theory of Access","volume":"21","author":"Saurman E.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Health Services Research & Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-010-9576-9","article-title":"Measuring Capacities for Community Resilience","volume":"99","author":"Sherrieb K.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Social Indicators Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","first-page":"189","volume-title":"The Demography of Disasters: Impacts for Population and Place","author":"Singh E. A.","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcip.2014.04.003","article-title":"Identifying Critical Infrastructure Sectors and Their Dependencies: An Indian Scenario","volume":"7","author":"Singh A. N.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1029\/2018GH000160","article-title":"Measuring Community Resilience to Natural Hazards: The Natural Hazard Resilience Screening Index (NHRSI)\u2014Development And Application To the United States","volume":"2","author":"Summers J. K.","year":"2018","journal-title":"GeoHealth"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)NH.1527\u20106996.0000460"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2021.102358","article-title":"Measuring Community Disaster Resilience at Local Levels: An Adaptable Resilience Framework","volume":"62","author":"Tariq H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","volume-title":"Disasters: A Sociological Approach","author":"Tierney K.","year":"2019"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.12552","article-title":"Hurricane Isaac: A Longitudinal Analysis of Storm Characteristics and Power Outage Risk","volume":"36","author":"Tonn G. L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Risk Analysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau.2021. \u201cTiger\/Line Shapefile 2021 County Cayey Municipio PR All Roads.\u201dU.S. Department of Commerce.https:\/\/catalog.data.gov\/dataset\/tiger\u2010line\u2010shapefile\u20102021\u2010county\u2010cayey\u2010municipio\u2010pr\u2010all\u2010roads."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau.2023\u201cCayey Municipio Puerto Rico.\u201d American Community Survey 5\u2010Year Estimates.https:\/\/data.census.gov\/profile\/Cayey_Municipio _Puerto_Rico?g=050XX00US72035."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau.2024. \u201cCommunity Resilience Estimates for Puerto Rico.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.census.gov\/programs\u2010surveys\/community\u2010resilience\u2010estimates\/data\/cre\u2010pr.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","volume-title":"Power Resilience Guide: Strategies for Water and Wastewater Utilities","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","unstructured":"U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).2019. \u201c3DEP Lidar Point Cloud (LPC) for Puerto Rico USGS Lidar Point Cloud.\u201dU.S. Department of the Interior.https:\/\/data.usgs.gov\/datacatalog\/data\/USGS:5d714ac9e4b0c4f70cfde0e2."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","unstructured":"U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO).2021a.Disaster Resilience: Actions are Under Way but Federal Fiscal Exposure Highlights the Need for Continued Attention to Longstanding Challenges.U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO).https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/gao\u201021\u2010297.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","unstructured":"U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO).2021b.Disaster Resilience: FEMA Should Take Additional Steps to Streamline Hazard Mitigation Grants and Assess Program Effects.U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO).https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/gao\u201021\u2010297.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ulm M. P.Widhalm andN.Br\u00e4ndle.2015. \u201cCharacterization of Mobile Phone Localization Errors with OpenCellID Data.\u201d InProceedings of the 2015 4th International Conference on Advanced Logistics and Transport (ICALT) 100\u2013104.IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAdLT.2015.7136601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR).2015.Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015\u20132030.United Nations.https:\/\/www.undrr.org\/publication\/sendai\u2010framework\u2010disaster\u2010risk\u2010reduction\u20102015\u20102030."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) and World Meteorological Organization (WMO).2022.Global Status of Multi\u2010Hazard Early Warning Systems Target G.United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR).https:\/\/www.undrr.org\/publication\/global\u2010status\u2010multi\u2010hazard\u2010early\u2010warning\u2010systems\u2010target\u2010g."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR3106.1","article-title":"Parametric Representation of the Primary Hurricane Vortex. Part Ii: A New family of Sectionally Continuous Profiles","volume":"134","author":"Willoughby H. E.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Monthly Weather Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2023.Energizing Health: Accelerating Electricity Access in Healthcare Facilities.World Health Organization The World Bank International Renewable Energy Agency and Sustainable Energy for All.https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240075403."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2020.107348","article-title":"Power Outage Prediction for Natural Hazards Using Synthetic Power Distribution Systems","volume":"208","author":"Zhai C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety"}],"container-title":["Risk Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/risa.70373","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/risa.70373","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/risa.70373","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T09:12:59Z","timestamp":1791364379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/risa.70373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/risa.70373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/risa.70373","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-4332","1539-6924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-4332","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-6924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70373"}}