{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T09:52:20Z","timestamp":1791366740260,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72504059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72504059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72501201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72501201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024J08136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024J08136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022J01076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022J01076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Risk Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Enhancing community safety resilience (CSR) is critical for sustainable urban development. Disregarding the complex interactions among CSR factors may cause imbalanced resilience building, limiting a community's capacity to respond to uncertain disasters. This study aims to identify principal CSR factors and examine their interaction mechanisms in the context of Chinese urban communities. We identified 101 factors spanning government, community, and personal tiers. Their interactions were assessed via expert elicitation and analyzed using directed weighted network theory and a modified susceptible\u2010infectious\u2010recovered model. The factor interaction network exhibits a sparse, highly modular, core\u2010periphery structure with small\u2010world and scale\u2010free properties. Community\u2010level governance and infrastructure, together with personal\u2010level physiological and psychological factors, serve as both hubs and intermediary bridges. Government\u2010level top\u2010level design, organizational leadership, and support and investment act as primary drivers, critical in initiating and mitigating risk propagation. Fundamental risk mitigation, especially under dual perturbations, depends on government action, whereas community\u2010level factors are vital for localized response. These findings provide an analytical foundation for prioritizing interventions and designing system\u2010sensitive strategies to enhance CSR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.70379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T09:09:54Z","timestamp":1791364194000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interactions Among Three\u2010Tier Factors of Community Safety Resilience: A Dual\u2010Perspective Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6974-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lipeng","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management Fuzhou University  Fuzhou P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management Fuzhou University  Fuzhou P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Management and Economics Tianjin University  Tianjin P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boting","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Early Warning Center  Fuzhou P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4158-3794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management Tianjin University of Technology  Tianjin P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1111\/mice.12916","article-title":"Community Resilience Assessment via Agent\u2010Based Modeling Approach","volume":"38","author":"Aghababaei M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computer\u2010Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering"},{"issue":"6794","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/35019019","article-title":"Error and Attack Tolerance of Complex Networks","volume":"406","author":"Albert R.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6092","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1215842","article-title":"Identifying Influential and Susceptible Members of Social Networks","volume":"337","author":"Aral S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5439","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5439.509","article-title":"Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks","volume":"286","author":"Barab\u00e1si A.\u2010L.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7622","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1038\/537605a","article-title":"Boost Resilience of Small and Mid\u2010Sized Cities","volume":"537","author":"Birkmann J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2018.06.051","article-title":"Extension of Neighbor\u2010Based Link Prediction Methods for Directed, Weighted and Temporal Social Networks","volume":"463","author":"B\u00fct\u00fcn E.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/NHREFO.NHENG-2518","article-title":"Fostering a Holistic and Effective Disaster Response in Low\u2010Income Communities: The Role of Mental Health Strategies","volume":"27","author":"Calle M\u00fcller C.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Natural Hazards Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2023.109358","article-title":"Towards a Resilient Community: A Decision Support Framework for Prioritizing Stakeholders' Interaction Areas","volume":"237","author":"Elkady S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2025.110858","article-title":"Safety Risk Propagation in Complex Construction Projects: Insights From Metro Deep Foundation Pit Projects","volume":"257","author":"Fu L.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.13874","article-title":"Interactions Among the Human and Organizational Factors Within the Public Sector Regarding Epidemic Prevention and Control","volume":"43","author":"Fu L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Risk Analysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2026.148639","article-title":"Modeling Food Security Risk Propagation: A Hybrid Static\u2010Dynamic Analytical Framework","volume":"567","author":"Fu L.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2024.101455","article-title":"A GCN\u2010LSTM Framework for Link Prediction in Dynamic SIoT Networks","volume":"29","author":"Garompolo D.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Internet of Things"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2024.106029","article-title":"Attribution Analysis of Urban Social Resilience Differences Under Rainstorm Disaster Impact: Insights From Interpretable Spatial Machine Learning Framework","volume":"118","author":"Gu T.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","volume-title":"Multivariate Data Analysis","author":"Hair J. 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