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The<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESI<\/jats:styled-content>assesses the individual\u2010level occurrence of substantial year\u2010to\u2010year declines in available household resources, accounting for fluctuations not only in income but also in out\u2010of\u2010pocket medical expenses. It also assesses whether those experiencing such declines have sufficient liquid financial wealth to buffer against these shocks. We find that insecurity\u2014the share of individuals experiencing substantial resource declines without adequate financial buffers\u2014has risen steadily since the mid\u20101980s for virtually all subgroups of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>mericans, albeit with cyclical fluctuation. At the same time, we find that there is substantial disparity in the degree to which different subgroups are exposed to economic risk. As the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESI<\/jats:styled-content>derives from a data\u2010independent conceptual foundation, it can be measured using different panel datasets. We find that the degree and disparity by which insecurity has risen is robust across the best available sources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/roiw.12053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,4]],"date-time":"2013-07-04T11:02:09Z","timestamp":1372935729000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["The Economic Security Index: A New Measure for Research and Policy Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Jacob S.","family":"Hacker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Austin","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Urban Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Rehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Schlesinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Valletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0297.00406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Andreski P. 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