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When Cox or cluster process models are used to accommodate clustering that is not accounted for by the available covariates, likelihoodbased inference becomes computationally cumbersome owing to the complicated nature of the likelihood function and the associated score function. It is therefore of interest to consider alternative, more easily computable estimating functions. We derive the optimal estimating function in a class of first-order estimating functions. The optimal estimating function depends on the solution of a certain Fredholm integral equation which in practice is solved numerically. The derivation of the optimal estimating function has close similarities to the derivation of quasi-likelihood for standard data sets. The approximate solution is further equivalent to a quasi-likelihood score for binary spatial data. We therefore use the term quasi-likelihood for our optimal estimating function approach. 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