{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T15:44:07Z","timestamp":1791733447617,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2331,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-DK090385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-DK090385"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation Career","award":["DMS-1352060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMS-1352060"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SES-1260782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SES-1260782"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Continuous treatments (e.g. doses) arise often in practice, but many available causal effect estimators are limited by either requiring parametric models for the effect curve, or by not allowing doubly robust covariate adjustment. We develop a novel kernel smoothing approach that requires only mild smoothness assumptions on the effect curve and still allows for misspecification of either the treatment density or outcome regression. We derive asymptotic properties and give a procedure for data-driven bandwidth selection. The methods are illustrated via simulation and in a study of the effect of nurse staffing on hospital readmissions penalties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]],"date-time":"2016-09-30T01:29:06Z","timestamp":1475198946000},"page":"1229-1245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":193,"title":["Non-parametric Methods for Doubly Robust Estimation of Continuous Treatment Effects"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Edward H.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongming","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"McHugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dylan S.","family":"Small","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023021801095157500_rssb12212-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1016\/S1573-4412(05)80006-6","volume-title":"Handbook of Econometrics","author":"Andrews","year":"1994"},{"key":"2023021801095157500_rssb12212-cit-0002","volume-title":"Efficient and Adaptive Estimation for Semiparametric Models","author":"Bickel","year":"1993"},{"key":"2023021801095157500_rssb12212-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-0420.2011.01685.x","article-title":"Population intervention causal effects based on stochastic interventions","volume":"68","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"2023021801095157500_rssb12212-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1515\/jci-2012-0005","article-title":"Targeted data adaptive estimation of the causal dose-response curve","volume":"1","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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