{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T03:51:02Z","timestamp":1791777062885,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,31]],"date-time":"2016-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We develop robust targeted maximum likelihood estimators (TMLEs) for transporting intervention effects from one population to another. Specifically, we develop TMLEs for three transported estimands: the intent-to-treat average treatment effect (ATE) and complier ATE, which are relevant for encouragement design interventions and instrumental variable analyses, and the ATE of the exposure on the outcome, which is applicable to any randomized or observational study. We demonstrate finite sample performance of these TMLEs by using simulation, including in the presence of practical violations of the positivity assumption. We then apply these methods to the \u2018Moving to opportunity\u2019 trial: a multisite, encouragement design intervention in which families in public housing were randomized to receive housing vouchers and logistical support to move to low poverty neighbourhoods. This application sheds light on whether effect differences across sites can be explained by differences in population composition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,31]],"date-time":"2016-10-31T05:03:35Z","timestamp":1477890215000},"page":"1509-1525","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Robust Estimation of Encouragement Design Intervention Effects Transported Across Sites"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Kara E.","family":"Rudolph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California at Berkeley and University of California at San Francisco , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Laan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California at San Francisco , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0001","volume-title":"Advances in Economics and Econometrics","author":"Angrist","year":"2013"},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1996.10476902","article-title":"Identification of causal effects using instrumental variables","volume":"91","author":"Angrist","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Am. Statist. Ass."},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0019","first-page":"540","volume-title":"Proc. 13th Int. Conf. Data Mining Workshops","author":"Bareinboim","year":"2013"},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0003","volume-title":"Data-adaptive selection of the truncation level for inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighted estimators","author":"Bembom","year":"2008"},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn164","article-title":"Constructing inverse probability weights for marginal structural models","volume":"168","author":"Cole","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidem."},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq084","article-title":"Generalizing evidence from randomized clinical trials to target populations: the ACTG 320 trial","volume":"172","author":"Cole","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidem."},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.240","article-title":"Long-term effects of prenatal and infancy nurse home visitation on the life course of youths: 19-year follow-up of a randomized trial","volume":"164","author":"Eckenrode","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Ped. Adolesc. Med."},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774509103868","article-title":"The calibration of treatment effects from clinical trials to target populations","volume":"6","author":"Frangakis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Trials"},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0008","first-page":"article 26","article-title":"A targeted maximum likelihood estimator of a causal effect on a bounded continuous outcome","volume":"6","author":"Gruber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Biostatist."},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.2307\/2971731","article-title":"Estimating outcome distributions for compliers in instrumental variables models","volume":"64","author":"Imbens","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev. Econ. Stud."},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0010","first-page":"523","article-title":"Demystifying double robustness: a comparison of alternative strategies for estimating a population mean from incomplete data","volume":"22","author":"Kang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Statist. Sci."},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0262.2007.00733.x","article-title":"Experimental analysis of neighborhood effects","volume":"75","author":"Kling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"article 17","DOI":"10.2202\/1557-4679.1181","article-title":"Collaborative double robust targeted maximum likelihood estimation","volume":"6","author":"van der Laan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Biostatist."},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"article 25","DOI":"10.2202\/1544-6115.1309","article-title":"Super learner","volume":"6","author":"van der Laan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Statist. Appl. Genet. Molec. Biol."},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"article 11","DOI":"10.2202\/1557-4679.1043","article-title":"Targeted maximum likelihood learning","volume":"2","author":"van der Laan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Biostatist."},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0015","volume-title":"An omnibus non-parametric test of equality in distribution for unknown functions","author":"Luedtke","year":"2015"},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121470","article-title":"Standardization of risk ratios","volume":"96","author":"Miettinen","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidem."},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0017","volume-title":"Moving to opportunity: interim impacts evaluation","author":"Orr","year":"2003"},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2535","article-title":"Gender and crime victimization modify neighborhood effects on adolescent mental health","volume":"130","author":"Osypuk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280210386207","article-title":"Diagnosing and responding to violations in the positivity assumption","volume":"21","author":"Petersen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Statist. Meth. Med. Res."},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1214\/07-STS227D","article-title":"Comment: Performance of double-robust estimators when \u201cinverse probability\u201d weights are highly variable","volume":"22","author":"Robins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Statist. Sci."},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17670-8","article-title":"External validity of randomised controlled trials: \u201cto whom do the results of this trial apply?\u201d","volume":"365","author":"Rothwell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu197","article-title":"Estimating population treatment effects from a survey subsample","volume":"180","author":"Rudolph","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidem."},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0024","volume-title":"Moving to opportunity for Fair Housing Demonstration Program\u2014final impacts evaluation","author":"Sanbonmatsu","year":"2011"},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"article 26","DOI":"10.1515\/1557-4679.1334","article-title":"A general implementation of tmle for longitudinal data applied to causal inference in survival analysis","volume":"8","author":"Stitelman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Biostatist."},{"key":"2023022002193796200_rssb12213-cit-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2010.00673.x","article-title":"The use of propensity scores to assess the generalizability of results from randomized trials","volume":"174","author":"Stuart","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. R. Statist. Soc."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Frssb.12213","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Frssb.12213","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jrsssb\/article-pdf\/79\/5\/1509\/49269063\/jrsssb_79_5_1509.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jrsssb\/article-pdf\/79\/5\/1509\/49269063\/jrsssb_79_5_1509.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]],"date-time":"2023-02-19T21:20:44Z","timestamp":1676841644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jrsssb\/article\/79\/5\/1509\/7040955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,31]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/rssb.12213","relation":{},"ISSN":["1369-7412","1467-9868"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1369-7412","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-9868","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,31]]}}}