{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T13:20:08Z","timestamp":1781184008290,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Special Care in Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conducting Dental examination in children with autism is challenging due to the limitation in cooperativeness that is caused by impairment of communication, social interaction, and sensory sensitivities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to provide evidence base for the structural\u2013visual approach in reducing uncooperativeness behavior to dental care in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Searches were conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane from inception to October 2021 (CRD42022383409). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non\u2010RCTs, and pre\/post\u2010test and qualitative studies that conducting visual pedagogy and visual learning methods were included. The quality of evidence was assessed with Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Tool for RCTs, Risk of Bias in Non\u2010randomized Studies\u2014of Interventions (ROBINS\u2010I) for non\u2010RCTs, and Critical Appraisal Skill Program (CASP) for qualitative studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The initial search identified 270 studies, and 256 remained after removing duplicates. After screening titles and abstracts, 62 studies were remained for full\u2010text assessed, and finally 13 eligible studies were selected for reviews. The studies analyzed various structural\u2013visual interventions, participants, study design, countries, and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The structural\u2013visual approach could reduce uncooperative behavior in children with ASD. Future study should investigate the wide range of age and varied behavior approach as the evidence\u2010based of the clinical management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/scd.12827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T00:49:15Z","timestamp":1674089355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Structural\u2013visual approach for dental examination in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1563-6741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfini","family":"Octavia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta  Yogyakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanya","family":"Sitthisettapong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Dentistry Department Faculty of Dentistry Thammasat University  Pathum Thani Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwan","family":"Dewanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta  Yogyakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"312","article-title":"Autistic disorder: a review for the pediatric dentist","volume":"20","author":"Klein U","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002\u20107138(09)61084\u20100"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"230","article-title":"Oral care and sensory over\u2010responsivity in children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"35","author":"Stein LI","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-011-1362-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0337"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"188","article-title":"Barriers to dental care for children in Virginia with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"76","author":"Brickhouse TH","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dent Child (Chic) [Internet]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2017.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"Supplement to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2014.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01951.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69041-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361315577517"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"Autism:the etiology management and implications for treatment modalities from the dental perspective","volume":"33","author":"Chew LCT","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spec Need Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.239"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6706a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-1626.2010.00030.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Oral assessment of children with an autism spectrum disorder","volume":"81","author":"DeMattei R","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dent Hyg JDH [Internet]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-008-0209-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.36.1.l6287842uj536x13"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"Caries experience, oral disorders, oral hygiene practices and sociodemographic characteristics of autistic children","volume":"20","author":"Kuter B","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-014-0156-6"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"192","article-title":"Caries levels among autistic children in Khartoum State, Sudan. 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