{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:31:02Z","timestamp":1791909062578,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":48,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Special Care in Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral membranous substances in tube\u2010fed patients undergo temporal morphological changes, increasing the risk of asphyxiation. While xerostomia is hypothesized to influence these alterations, its precise relationship with oral wetness and specific morphological stages remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate oral wetness as an indicator of xerostomia and predictor of membranous substance formation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 18 older tube\u2010fed patients. Following initial oral care, comprising tooth surface and oral mucosa cleaning, we measured tongue dorsum wetness at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48\u00a0h post\u2010care. Concurrent visual examinations assessed the presence and morphology of palatal membranous substances, categorizing them into four types: none, mucous, viscous, and dry. We analyzed the relationships between morphology, wetness, and elapsed time. Oral wetness levels varied significantly across morphological types (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), with dry membranous substances exhibiting the lowest wetness values. Membranous substance morphology significantly correlated with elapsed time (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.513, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and oral wetness (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.390, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both temporal progression and xerostomia significantly contribute to the formation and morphological evolution of membranous substances. Timely implementation of oral care and moisturization appears crucial for preventing membranous substance formation and mitigating the associated risks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/scd.70078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T06:40:13Z","timestamp":1755585613000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Relationship Between the Morphology of Oral Membranous Substances and Oral Wetness in Older Individuals Undergoing Long\u2010Term Tube Feeding in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Hironao","family":"Asahina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Care Dentistry Hiroshima University Hospital  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Care Dentistry Hiroshima University Hospital  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Nishino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Care Dentistry Hiroshima University Hospital  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kahoru","family":"Todoroki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry Todoroki Medical Hospital  Nagano Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Matsumura Dental Clinic  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Yamagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Care Dentistry Matsumoto Dental University  Nagano Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Ogasawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Matsumoto Dental University  Nagano Japan"},{"name":"Yokosuna Dental Clinic  Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Japan Association of Medical and Care Facilities Report of a Research Project on Long\u2010Term Care Facilities for Elderly People in Need Of Medical Care[in Japanese] accessed December 25 2023 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