{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T16:40:19Z","timestamp":1756312819393,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":53,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Special Care in Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Visually impaired individuals face significant challenges in maintaining oral hygiene due to reliance on visual cues. Conventional oral health education (OHE) often fails to address their needs, leading to disparities in oral health outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the effectiveness of three customized oral health education strategies\u2014Audio only (Group 1), Audio + Braille (Group 2), and Audio + Tactile Model (Group 3)\u2014on oral health Knowledge, Attitude, Practice (KAP), and clinical oral hygiene status among institutionalized visually impaired individuals in Lucknow, India.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted across two institutions, enrolling 180 visually impaired individuals aged \u2265 7 years. Of these, 15 were excluded based on eligibility criteria. The remaining 165 participants were randomly allocated into three intervention groups (55 participants per group). During follow\u2010up, 5 participants from each group were lost, resulting in a final analysis of 150 participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 50 per group). Each group received structured OHE via a designated modality, reinforced at 30, 60, and 90 days. Pre\u2010 and post\u2010intervention assessments included Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) scores and clinical parameters\u2014Debris Index (OHI\u2010S) and Gingival Index (GI). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, Tukey's HSD, paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests, one\u2010way ANOVA, Chi\u2010square tests, and Pearson's correlation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All groups showed significant improvement post\u2010intervention (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), with the Audio + Braille group achieving the greatest gains in knowledge (26%\u2013100%), attitude\/practice (36.5%\u201368.4%), and clinical outcomes (Debris Index: 2.23 to 0.43; GI: 1.09 to 0.22). Repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc analysis confirmed Group 2's superiority across all parameters. Strong inverse correlations between behavior scores and clinical indices emerged over time (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> &gt; \u20130.85), highlighting the impact of behavior change on oral health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multisensory OHE strategies, especially Audio + Braille, were most effective in improving oral health knowledge and hygiene status. Integration of such sensory\u2010adapted educational models into public health programs may enhance oral health equity among visually impaired populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>CTRI\/2024\/10\/093533<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/scd.70080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T13:52:22Z","timestamp":1755957142000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Customized Oral Health Awareness Program on Knowledge and Practice of Oral Hygiene Maintenance Among Institutionalized Visually Impaired Individuals of Lucknow: A Cluster Randomized Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Mohit Kumar","family":"Kanoujia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry Faculty of Dental Sciences King George's Medical University  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry Faculty of Dental Sciences King George's Medical University  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinay Kumar","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry Faculty of Dental Sciences King George's Medical University  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry Faculty of Dental Sciences King George's Medical University  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nishita","family":"Kankane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry Faculty of Dental Sciences King George's Medical University  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aman","family":"Rajput","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry Faculty of Dental Sciences King George's Medical University  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"S.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry Faculty of Dental Sciences King George's Medical University  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sifpsa","family":"Diwakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry Faculty of Dental Sciences King George's Medical University  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"National Eye Institute 2021.Strategic Plan Vision for the Future 2021\u20132025 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Accessed May 19 2025.https:\/\/www.nei.nih.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2021\u201010\/NEI\u2010StrategicPlan\u2010VisionForTheFuture.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization 2021.Blindness and Visual Impairment. Accessed April 9 2025.https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/noncommunicable\u2010diseases\/sensory\u2010functions\u2010disability\u2010and\u2010rehabilitation\/eye\u2010care\u2010vision\u2010impairment\u2010and\u2010blindness."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization 2019.World Report on Vision. Accessed April 7 2025.https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\u2010detail\/world\u2010report\u2010on\u2010vision."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300539"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.3.263"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482X0810200302"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754\u20104505.2012.00296.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472\u20106831\u201013\u201033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JISPPD.JISPPD_244_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17796\/1053\u20104628\u201041.4.271"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.60719"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Sensory Training Programme for Visually Impaired Children","volume":"2","author":"Arora S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17796\/1053\u20104628\u201037.3.251"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2231\u20100762.172953"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_318_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03262730"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2023.1137042"},{"volume-title":"Learning With All Your Senses: Multimodal Enrichment as the Optimal Learning Strategy of the Future","year":"2023","author":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Dual coding research and recommendations for teaching language learners","volume":"06","author":"Brinegar M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science (IJLRHSS)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903\u2010020\u201001131\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2231\u20100762.192938"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12436"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/compreped.112406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1297_23"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Effectiveness of Multisensory Oral Health Education on Oral Hygiene Among Visually Impaired Children: A Prospective Interventional Study","volume":"13","author":"Subodh A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scope"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_703_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1607528"}],"container-title":["Special Care in Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/scd.70080","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T16:13:09Z","timestamp":1756311189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/scd.70080"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/scd.70080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/scd.70080","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-1879","1754-4505"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0275-1879"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1754-4505"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70080"}}