{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:40:22Z","timestamp":1792010422284,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Special Care in Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may exhibit increased oral health vulnerabilities. This study aimed to compare salivary pH, dental and periodontal health, and salivary\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      counts between SLE patients and healthy controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A case\u2010control study included 20 SLE patients and 20 healthy controls matched for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and geographic region. All SLE patients had at least one year since diagnosis and met the Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS) definition (SLEDAI \u22644, no major organ activity, PGA \u22641, prednisone \u22647.5\u00a0mg\/day, and no recent flare). Medication profiles were not systematically recorded, although patients maintained standard\u2010of\u2010care therapies as per their rheumatologists\u2019 prescriptions. Participants brushed at least once daily; smokers and individuals with xerostomia were excluded. Dental (DMFT) and periodontal (GBI, CAL) indices and plaque index were assessed. Unstimulated saliva was collected to measure pH and quantify S. mutans and P. gingivalis counts using PCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No significant differences were observed in overall DMFT, decayed or filled teeth, GBI, CAL, or P. gingivalis counts (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05). Within the limits of the sample size, SLE patients had a higher number of missing teeth and significantly increased S. mutans counts (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Salivary pH was significantly lower in the SLE group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tooth loss in SLE may be related to caries rather than periodontal disease, potentially influenced by lower salivary pH and elevated S. mutans levels. Altered salivary composition may contribute to increased caries risk even in the absence of xerostomia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings emphasize proactive caries prevention in SLE. Strategies such as hydration guidance, pH\u2010regulating mouthwashes, and xylitol\u2010containing products may be beneficial, although their efficacy in SLE populations was not tested.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/scd.70146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T04:19:55Z","timestamp":1770697195000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Case\u2010Control Comparison of Salivary pH, Dental and Periodontal Health, and Bacterial Counts of\n                    <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Streptococcus mutans<\/i>\n                    in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Bashiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences  Yazd Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2853-8801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahimeh Rashidi","family":"Maybodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontics Department, Dental Faculty Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences  Yazd Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6869-2301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamid","family":"Heidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences  Yazd Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7124-1379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faezeh Sadeghi","family":"Haris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontics Department, Dental Faculty Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences  Yazd Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5340-3901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazanin Roqani","family":"Dehkordi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontics Department, Dental Faculty Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_607_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320938447"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2012.00450.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10091957"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Higher Odds of Periodontitis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Compared to Controls and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review, Meta\u2010Analysis and Network Meta\u2010Analysis","author":"Tan P. 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