{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:46:19Z","timestamp":1777941979914,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Special Care in Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding the relationship between salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA), oral health status, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is essential for improving the quality of life of children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV), as both HIV infection and its long\u2010term treatment can influence oral immunity and disease susceptibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess and compare SIgA levels, dental caries, and dental plaque scores among HAART\u2010na\u00efve and HAART\u2010experienced CALHIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross\u2010sectional study included 150 HIV\u2010infected children aged 6\u201318 years, divided into two groups. Group 1 comprised HAART\u2010na\u00efve children, while Group 2 included children receiving HAART for more than three years. Dental caries was recorded using WHO diagnostic criteria, dental plaque was assessed using the Quigley\u2013Hein index, and. Stimulated whole saliva was collected to estimate salivary secretory immunoglobulin A SIgA levels were quantified using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using Student's\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010test and Pearson's correlation coefficient.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      HAART\u2010na\u00efve children exhibited significantly higher plaque scores (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), whereas children on HAART showed significantly higher dmft and DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) scores (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Mean SIgA levels were higher in the HAART group, though the difference was not statistically significant. A significant weak negative correlation was observed between SIgA and dmft in HAART\u2010na\u00efve children, while plaque and SIgA showed a significant negative correlation in children receiving HAART.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HAART\u2010na\u00efve children exhibited poorer oral hygiene, whereas children on HAART had a higher caries burden. The observed association between SIgA and dental caries The observed associations between SIgA, dental plaque, and caries suggest that antiretroviral therapy and age\u2010related factors may influence oral health and salivary immune response in HIV\u2010infected children emphasizing the need for early preventive oral health interventions integrated into The observed associations between SIgA, dental plaque, and caries suggest that antiretroviral therapy and age\u2010related factors may influence oral health and salivary immune response in HIV\u2010infected children, underscoring the need for early preventive oral health interventions integrated into the oral health of CALHIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/scd.70153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:22:02Z","timestamp":1773004922000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Salivary IgA, Dental Caries and Plaque Status in HAART\u2010Na\u00efve and HAART\u2010Treated Children Living With HIV"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Krishna Kumar","family":"R.","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry Annoor Dental College and Hospital  Muvattupuzha Kerala India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3275-5494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priya","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Head of Department, Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry The Oxford Dental College and Hospital  Bengaluru Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2434-2745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aarathi J.","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry Malabar Dental College and Research Center  Edappal Kerala India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dewi","family":"Zakiawati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran  Bandung Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riswana","family":"khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry Educare Institute of Dental Science  Malappuram Kerala India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2009.00789.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"National AIDS Control Organization. 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