{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T04:03:08Z","timestamp":1696132988483},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,13]],"date-time":"2012-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Caring Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multidisciplinary inputs are of vital importance in the comprehensive care management and rehabilitation of individuals with long\u2010term neurological conditions. Although many ordinal measures of disability correlate with patient dependency and care, few are based on numbers of different health professionals required, or their skill\u2010mix, for assistance associated with levels of dependency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop an instrument to assess dependency in adult patients suffering from severe and complex neurological disability for use by multidisciplinary teams. Objectives were to establish content validity, construct validity, inter\u2010rater reliability and internal consistency, and to demonstrate preliminary clinical utility from the perspective of professional staff.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A mixed methods design utilised qualitative and quantitative approaches. Stage I involved developmental fieldwork using focus groups (n\u00a0=\u00a03), questionnaires (n\u00a0=\u00a070), expert panel (n\u00a0=\u00a020) and direct observation (n\u00a0=\u00a012). In stage 2, intensive refinement through direct observation, construct validity and reliability testing (n\u00a0=\u00a0100) of the instrument was completed. The research complied with the research governance and ethical standards set by the Department of Health (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the final format, an instrument was developed which comprised two sections. Section 1: an ordinal scaled basic care section, with 15 categories of dependency and level of descriptors based on numbers, grade and time taken by staff providing assistance. Factor analysis identified one dominant and four subsidiary factors which explained 67% of the total variance. Overall inter\u2010rater agreement was 0.87 (kappa coefficient: range 0.67\u20131.0), and Cronbach's coefficient alpha was 0.733. Section 2: comprised a nominally measured specialist care section for inputs from nurses and therapists. The mean time taken to complete assessments was 12\u00a0minutes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The instrument satisfied preliminary selective criteria for validity and reliability. Further research is necessary to satisfy other requirements of psychometric testing and clinical utility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/scs.12018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,14]],"date-time":"2012-12-14T04:15:58Z","timestamp":1355458558000},"page":"193-203","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development of an assessment tool for the multidisciplinary evaluation of neurological dependency: preliminary findings"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Elaine","family":"Pierce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Leadership and Service Improvement V\u2010612 Faculty of Health and Social Care London South Bank University London SE1 0AA UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"McLaren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Social Care London South Bank University London SE1 0AA UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation.Neuro\u2010disability: Public Health Challenges.2006 WHO Publications Geneva."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","volume-title":"National Service Frameworks for People With Long Term Conditions","author":"Department of Health","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","volume-title":"Supporting People With Long Term Conditions: Commissioning Personalised Care Plans: A Guide for Commissioners","author":"Department of Health","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","volume-title":"Joint Report on Social Protection and Social Inclusion","author":"Council of the European Union","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Functional evaluation: The Barthel Index","volume":"14","author":"Mahoney F","year":"1965","journal-title":"Maryland State Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2048-7940.2011.tb00075.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.1996.tb00326.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2000.tb00578.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-6712.2003.00117.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2009.00765.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2010.00797.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2011.00907.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/026921598669173600"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/026921599677787870"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215509337447"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","volume-title":"Stroke: A Critical Approach to Diagnosis, Treatment and Management","author":"Wade D","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215506cr917oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzl034"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2006.03798.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","unstructured":"PolgarJ RegO BarlowI.Measuring the clinical utility of an assessment: the example of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure 2005.http:\/\/www.seatingandmobility.ca(last accessed 27 July 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026921559701100411"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90274-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"Predicting hours of care needed","volume":"74","author":"Disler P","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Phy Med Rehab"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2834.2001.00192.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2007.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215506cr936oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2009.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(87)90188-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctt9qgv9b.7","volume-title":"Ethics Contemporary Challenges in Health and Social Care","author":"Stanley R","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Ethics Contemporary Challenges in Health and Social Care","author":"Pierce E","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","unstructured":"National Research Ethics Service (NRES).http:\/\/www.nres.nhs.uk\/(last accessed 27 July 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","unstructured":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki 2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","unstructured":"Research Governance Framework for Health and Social Care Department of Health. 2nd edn.2005.http:\/\/www.dh.gov.uk\/en\/Publicationsandstatistics\/Publications\/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance\/DH_4108962(last accessed 27 July 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","unstructured":"Data Protection Act1998.http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/1998\/29\/contents(last accessed 27 July 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","volume-title":"Scale Development: Theory and Applications. Applied Social Research Methods Series","author":"De Vellis RF","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","volume-title":"Research Manual for Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice","author":"Polit D","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","volume-title":"Hawthorne Revisited","author":"Landsberger H","year":"1958"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","volume-title":"Pygmalion in the Classroom","author":"Rosenthal R","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","volume-title":"Nursing Research: Principles, Process and Issues","author":"Parahoo K","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987106070260"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0026256"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2010.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0031619"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","volume-title":"SPSS Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference","author":"Mallory P","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","volume-title":"The Roper Logan Tierney Model of Nursing Based on Activities of Living","author":"Roper N","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fscs.12018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/scs.12018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T04:14:44Z","timestamp":1696047284000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/scs.12018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,13]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/scs.12018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/scs.12018","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0283-9318","1471-6712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0283-9318","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-6712","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-08-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-10-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-12-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}