{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T03:43:50Z","timestamp":1782791030760,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Caring Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to examine the relationship between foot care behaviours, self\u2010efficacy and diabetes self\u2010care activities among individuals with and without diabetic foot wounds and to identify associated sociodemographic and disease\u2010related factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted with 120 patients presenting to the internal medicine, endocrinology, and diabetic foot outpatient clinics and wards of three different hospitals. Data were collected using a demographic and clinical characteristics form, the Foot Care Behaviour Scale, Diabetic Foot Care Self\u2010Efficacy Scale, and Diabetes Self\u2010Care Scale. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 22, with Mann\u2013Whitney U, Kruskal\u2010Wallis H, independent samples\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010test, ANOVA and correlation analysis applied as appropriate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with and without diabetic foot wounds did not differ significantly in foot care behaviours or diabetes self\u2010care scores (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). However, diabetic foot care self\u2010efficacy scores were significantly higher among patients without diabetic foot wounds (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In patients with diabetic foot wounds, prior foot care education was associated with significantly higher diabetic foot care self\u2010efficacy and diabetes self\u2010care scores (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Older age was negatively correlated with scale scores in both groups, whereas higher education level and certain preventive practices (e.g., foot self\u2010examination, checking footwear) were significantly associated with better scores. Strong positive correlations were identified among foot care behaviours, diabetic foot care self\u2010efficacy, and diabetes self\u2010care across all participants (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The strong positive associations among foot care behaviours, diabetic foot care self\u2010efficacy, and diabetes self\u2010care underscore the critical role of patient empowerment in disease management. The higher self\u2010efficacy scores in patients without diabetic foot and those who were previously educated on their prevention demonstrate the importance of early, targeted nursing interventions. Implementing structured foot care education prior to the onset of complications may strengthen patient self\u2010efficacy, improve self\u2010care adherence and ultimately prevent the development of diabetic foot wounds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/scs.70243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T05:36:18Z","timestamp":1778045778000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Examination of the Relationship Between Foot Care Behaviour, Self\u2010Efficacy, and Diabetes Self\u2010Care Among Individuals With and Without Diabetic Foot Wounds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2474-869X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif","family":"Boz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vezirk\u00f6pr\u00fc State Hospital Vezirk\u00f6pr\u00fc\/Samsun  Vezirk\u00f6pr\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9979-4722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eylem","family":"Topba\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amasya University Faculty of Health Sciences, Internal Medicine Nursing  \u0130pekk\u00f6y T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3268"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rboe.2014.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1615439"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0141076816688346"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2021.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2016.1231932"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","volume-title":"National Diabetes Foot Care Audit (NDFA) Infographic Report 2018\u201323","author":"NHS England and Diabetes UK","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","unstructured":"Turkish Endocrinology and Metabolism Association (TEMD) \u201cDiabetes Mellitus and Complications Diagnosis Treatment and Monitoring Guide \u201d2020 https:\/\/temd.org.tr\/yayinlar\/kilavuzlar."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5336\/nurses.2013\u201036543"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/kd.2014.06"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13569"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2015.01.001"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Multidisciplinary Approach to Diabetic Foot Wounds: Diabetic Foot Council","volume":"13","author":"F\u0131nd\u0131k\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu K.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2019.28.6.S38"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1983\u20101447.2019.20180161"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902\u2010020\u20100512\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1983\u20101447.2021.20200452"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Self\u2010efficacy in foot\u2010care and effect of training: A single\u2010blinded randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"3","author":"Seyyedrasooli A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175096"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Self\u2010Care Awareness of Diabetic Patients","volume":"13","author":"Kuruo\u011flu E.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Family Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","first-page":"210","article-title":"Evaluation of Self\u2010Care Ability of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"26","author":"D\u00fcz\u00f6z T. 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