{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T03:43:56Z","timestamp":1782791036013,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Caring Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With increasing immigration, the likelihood that nurses will provide care to individuals from diverse cultures has increased. To deliver ethically appropriate care, nurses must consider diverse cultural characteristics. Therefore, it is important to assess nurses' attitudes toward individuals from diverse cultures in relation to the quality of care provided.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aimed to investigate the relationships among nurses' intercultural communication apprehension, levels of xenophobia and caring behaviours.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a descriptive, correlational and cross\u2010sectional study. Data were collected from nurses using the Personal Information Form, the Caring Behaviors Inventory\u201024, the Intercultural Communication Apprehension Scale and the Xenophobia Scale. Descriptive statistics, exploratory analyses and linear regression analysis were applied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethical Issues and Approval<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained from all participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants' levels of intercultural communication apprehension and xenophobia were moderate, and their perceptions of care behaviours were high. It was determined that age, gender, education, knowing a second language, having experience abroad, having friends from different cultures, Xenophobia Scale scores and Caring Behaviours Inventory\u201024 scores explained 38.1% of the change in Intercultural Communication Apprehension Scale scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conducting the study at a single centre limits its generalizability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Because interacting with different cultures can reduce intercultural communication apprehension and xenophobia, practices that facilitate nurses' interaction with people from other cultures should be developed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/scs.70274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T07:16:24Z","timestamp":1780557384000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Relationship Between Nurses' Intercultural Communication Apprehension, Xenophobia Levels and Caring Behaviours: A Descriptive and Relational Research"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8485-8554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yelda","family":"Ko\u00e7ak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Kahramanmara\u015f \u0130stiklal University  Kahramanmara\u015f T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Erciyes University Institute of Health Sciences  Kayseri T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9837-5916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00f6n\u00fcl","family":"Ta\u015fc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erciyes University Institute of Health Sciences  Kayseri T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Kayseri City Hospital  Kayseri T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1722-4647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Handan","family":"Zincir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences\/Department of Public Health Nursing Erciyes University  Kayseri T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53424\/balikesirsbd.947779"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Reasons for Choosing the Career of the Nursing Students and Their Perceptions of Care Behaviours","volume":"7","author":"T\u00fcrk G.","year":"2018","journal-title":"G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane University Journal of Health Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Key Point of Nursing Practices: Individualized Care","volume":"4","author":"Toru F.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adnan Menderes University Journal of Health Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30830\/tobider.sayi.15.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17449871231191970"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5222\/jaren.2019.75046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2022.105579"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08824099709388656"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.7757196"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47107\/inifedergi.1330294"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","volume-title":"Glossary on Migration (International Migration Law No. 34)","author":"Sironi A.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53490\/egehemsire.980700"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41271\u2010018\u20100140\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nhs.13107"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Version of Caring Behaviors Inventory\u201024","volume":"15","author":"Kur\u015fun \u015e.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"Global Goals for Sustainable Development \u201cSustainable Development Goals \u201d(2022) accessed June 24 2025 https:\/\/www.kureselamaclar.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10436596221086600"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"549","volume-title":"12th International Hippocrates Congress on Medical and Health Sciences","author":"\u00d6zdemir C.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15702"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2024.106443"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2021.105104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2023.105722"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3277"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2024.104013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2023.105963"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912\u2010025\u201003741\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","volume-title":"How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education","author":"Fraenkel J. R.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Practical Issues in Calculating the Sample Size for Prevalence Studies","volume":"1","author":"Naing L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Orofacial Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","first-page":"1638","article-title":"Intercultural Communication Apprehension Scale (PRICA): Validity and Reliability Study in Turkish","volume":"11","author":"Ay E.","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Caring Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/07.17.pr0.109.4.27\u201042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21560\/spcd.v18i39974.451063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199\u2010200601000\u201000003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","volume-title":"SPSS Survival Manual A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS Program","author":"Pallant J.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29228\/TurkishStudies.40505"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","unstructured":"Presidency of Migration Management \u201cTemporary Protection: Distribution of Syrians Under Temporary Protection by Year \u201d(2025) accessed July 09 2025 https:\/\/en.goc.gov.tr\/temporary\u2010protection27."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21632324.2016.1217613"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53490\/egehemsire.1256656"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14235\/bas.galenos.2024.21549"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37989\/gumussagbil.1410024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33631\/sabd.1493751"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep12020034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659620970625"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijintrel.2020.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profnurs.2021.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2025.104477"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/scs.70274","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/scs.70274","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/scs.70274","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T02:50:35Z","timestamp":1782787835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/scs.70274"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/scs.70274"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/scs.70274","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0283-9318","1471-6712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0283-9318","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-6712","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70274"}}