{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T11:18:16Z","timestamp":1773832696067,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Dialysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite improvements in the delivery of care, the annual all\u2010cause mortality rate for end\u2010stage renal disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESRD<\/jats:styled-content>) patients is still around 220 deaths per 1000 at risk patient\u2010years. Infection\u2010related causes are second only to cardiovascular events as a cause for mortality among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESRD<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Almost two\u2010thirds of all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESRD<\/jats:styled-content> patients will require hemodialysis and they are at the highest risk for bloodstream infections. An effective method for reducing bloodstream infections is increasing the use of fistula for dialysis access, but, for a significant number of patients, catheter access is inevitable. Several interventions have been studied that primarily involves the application of antimicrobials at the catheter exit site. Other interventions include the use of antibiotic lock solutions, which have resulted in the development of antibiotic resistance. Novel connecting devices may be of use in the future, but studies are still needed to show their efficacy at preventing catheter\u2010related bloodstream infections among hemodialysis patients. As insertion sites can be limited in hemodialysis patients, treatment of certain catheter\u2010related bloodstream infections can be amenable to catheter retention as long as both systemic antibiotic and antibiotic lock therapies are also initiated. Until more data are available, catheter removal followed by systemic therapy is preferred for infections involving <jats:italic>Staphylococcus\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>, Pseudomonas species, Enterococcus species, and Candida species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T09:34:47Z","timestamp":1374053687000},"page":"476-481","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Prevention and Treatment of Hemodialysis\u2010Related Bloodstream Infections"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Bernard C.","family":"Camins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"USRDS 2008 Annual Data Report: Atlas of End\u2010Stage Renal Disease in the United States","author":"U.S. Renal Data System","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"U.S. Renal Data System:USRDS 2009 Annual Data Report: Atlas of End\u2010Stage Renal Disease in the United States.Bethesda MD:National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases 2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"Etiology of bacterial septicemia in chronic dialysis patients in the United States","volume":"56","author":"Abbott KC","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.24527"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30141527"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501999"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2003.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.31405"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2012070643"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01080307"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03480807"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.03.011"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Reducing bloodstream infections in an outpatient hemodialysis center\u2013New Jersey, 2008\u20102011","volume":"61","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/591059"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(01)70007-8","article-title":"III. 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