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Iatrogenic sources of chronic inflammation in the form of failed renal allografts, old clotted arteriovenous grafts, and hemodialysis catheters play important, sometimes, unrecognized roles in this inflammatory state. There is ample observational evidence that these sources of inflammation are associated with hypoalbuminemia, erythropoetin\u2010resistant anemia, and increased markers of chronic inflammation. In dialysis patients with chronic inflammation from potentially modifiable sources, causes should be sought and correction undertaken if possible. Allograft nephrectomy should be offered to patients with a chronic inflammatory state and a failed renal transplant. Unused, clotted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AV<\/jats:styled-content> grafts should be considered a likely source of chronic inflammation as well as infection and should be removed when evidence of infection is present on indium scanning. Catheter rates ought to be kept to a minimum for the many well\u2010recognized reasons for their undesirability as well as for their potential to produce chronic inflammation with all of its ill effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,22]],"date-time":"2018-07-22T23:59:05Z","timestamp":1532303945000},"page":"15-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["When the source of inflammation is hiding in plain sight: Failed kidney transplants, clotted arteriovenous grafts, and central venous catheters"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Steven G.","family":"Achinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Watson Clinic, LLP Lakeland FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Ayus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Consultants of 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