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Developing these fluids to be efficacious in solute clearance and ultrafiltration, with minimal adverse consequences to peritoneal membrane health and systemic effects is a key requirement. Since the first PD fluid produced in 1959, modifications to PD fluids have been made. Nonetheless, the search for that ideal PD fluid remains elusive. Understanding the components of PD fluids is a key aspect of optimizing the successful delivery of PD, allowing for individualized PD prescription. Glucose remains an integral component of PD fluids; however, its deleterious effects continue to be the impetus for the search of an alternative osmotic agent, and icodextrin remains the main alternative. More biocompatible PD fluids have been developed and have shown benefits in preserving residual kidney function. However, high cost and reduced accessibility remain deterrents to its widespread clinical use in many countries. Large\u2010scale clinical trials are necessary and very much awaited to improve the narrow spectrum of PD fluids available for clinical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.13063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T03:34:50Z","timestamp":1645760090000},"page":"10-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Peritoneal dialysis fluids"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6542-685X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanmay","family":"Low","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Liew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kidney and Transplant Practice Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"457","article-title":"Georg Ganter\u2014a pioneer of peritoneal dialysis and his tragic academic demise at the hand of the Nazi regime","volume":"17","author":"Teschner M","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1959.03010080025004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.11.2207"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080802803s25"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"357","article-title":"Anti\u2010hypertensive effect of low Na connection (120 mEq\/l) solution for CAPD patients","volume":"41","author":"Nakayama M","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"188","article-title":"The effect of ultra\u2010low sodium dialysate in CAPD. 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