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In this study, we present the first documented case of a spontaneous rupture of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) in a pediatric patient. The patient was undergoing long\u2010term peritoneal dialysis (PD) and had a history of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. Additionally, we discussed spontaneous tendon and ligament ruptures associated with CKD or dialysis through a comprehensive literature review. This case report highlights the importance of recognizing that spontaneous tendon or ligament injuries are not exclusive to adults; children with CKD can also be affected. Several factors including poor parathyroid hormone (PTH) and metabolic acidosis control, prolonged CKD duration and presence of malnutrition play role in the pathogenesis. Early diagnosis is crucial as it allows for timely surgical intervention and leads to a favorable functional recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.13192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T01:13:50Z","timestamp":1705454030000},"page":"122-130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spontaneous tendon or ligament ruptures in patients undergoing dialysis: First pediatric case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8650-1855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behruz","family":"Huseynli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology Gazi University  Ankara 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