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A long\u2010standing but untested component of the low\u2010phosphorus diet is the promotion of refined grains over whole grains. This paper reviews the scientific premise for restricting whole grains in the dialysis population and estimates phosphorus exposure from grain products based on three grain intake patterns modeled from reported intakes in the general US population, adjusting for the presence of phosphorus additives and phosphorus bioavailability: (1) standard grain intake, (2) 100% refined grain intake, and (3) mixed (50\/50 whole and refined grain) intake. Although estimated phosphorus exposure from grains was higher with the mixed grain pattern (231\u2009mg\/day) compared to the 100% refined grain pattern (127\u2009mg\/day), the amount of additional phosphorus from grains was relatively low. Given the lack of strong evidence for restricting whole grains in people with CKD, as well as the potential health benefits of whole grains, clinical trials are warranted to address the efficacy and health impact of this practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.13195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T02:38:08Z","timestamp":1709174288000},"page":"326-333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Seeing the Whole Picture: Evaluating the Contribution of Whole Grains to Phosphorus Exposure in People With Kidney Failure Undergoing Dialysis Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Dillon","family":"Winkelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Health University of Nevada  Reno Nevada USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen Hill","family":"Gallant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Minnesota  Saint Paul Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Moe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Indiana University  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"St\u2010Jules","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition University of Nevada  Reno Nevada USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2017.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2023.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)andU.S. Department of Health and Human Services Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020\u20132025 (9th Edition) USDA website:www.DietaryGuidelines.gov Published December2020 accessed August 1 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"American Heart Association (AHA) The American Heart Association Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations AHA website:www.heart.org\/en\/healthy\u2010living\/healthy\u2010eating\/eat\u2010smart\/nutrition\u2010basics\/aha\u2010diet\u2010and\u2010lifestyle\u2010recommendations reviewed November 1 2021. accessed August 10 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1911.28.2.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"204","article-title":"Factors Concerned in the Calcification of Bone","volume":"34","author":"Howland J.","year":"1922","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Pediatric Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021\u20109258(18)84810\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI100262"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"377","article-title":"Renal Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica. 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