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After a decade of waning investment in family planning, interest and funding are growing once again. This article assesses whether introducing, removing, or changing user fees for contraception has an effect on contraceptive use. We conducted a search of 14 international databases. We included randomized controlled trials, interrupted\u2010time series analyses, controlled before\u2010and\u2010after study designs, and cohort studies that reported contraception\u2010related variables as an outcome and a change in the price of contraceptives as an intervention. Four studies were eligible but none was at low risk of bias overall. Most of these, as well as other studies not included in the present research, found that demand for contraception was not cost\u2010sensitive. We could draw no robust summary of evidence, strongly suggesting that further research in this area is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sifp.12005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,17]],"date-time":"2016-11-17T14:24:03Z","timestamp":1479392643000},"page":"341-356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["How User Fees Influence Contraception in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Korachais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Catherine Korachais is Researcher in the Department of Public Health at the Institute of Tropical Medicine  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elodie","family":"Macouillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elodie Macouillard is independent consultant"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Meessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruno Meessen is Professor of Health Economics in the Department of Public Health at the Institute of Tropical Medicine  Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/17.3.281"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2133322"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/666950"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_5_1","unstructured":"Ojeda G. andR.Murad.1994.Testing Pricing\/Payment Systems to Improve Access and Cost\u2010Recovery from Norplant. 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