{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:55:00Z","timestamp":1772160900844,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Studies in Family Planning"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This paper investigates the importance of women's physiological condition, alongside sociocultural factors, for predicting the risk of discontinuation of the injectable contraceptive due to side effects in Ethiopia. Contraceptive calendar data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed. Women aged 15\u201349 who had initiated the injectable contraceptive in the last two years were included in the analysis (n = 1,513). Physiological factors investigated were body mass, iron status, reproductive depletion, and physical strain. After checking for reverse causality, associations between physiological and sociocultural risk factors and discontinuation due to side effects (DSE) or discontinuation due to other reasons (DOR) were estimated using multivariate Cox proportional regression analyses. Anemia status was associated with DSE, but not DOR. Anemic women were two times more at risk of DSE compared with nonanemic women (adjusted hazard ratios [aHR] = 2.38, confidence interval [CI] = 1.41\u20134.00). DOR was predicted by religion, wealth, and relationship status. Accounting for diversity in physiological condition is key for understanding contraceptive discontinuation due to side effects. To reduce side effects, family planning programs might benefit from providing hormonal contraception within an integrated package addressing anemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sifp.12186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T23:28:39Z","timestamp":1642721319000},"page":"193-208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Anemic Women are More at Risk of Injectable Contraceptive Discontinuation due to Side Effects in Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6858-4765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rose","family":"Stevens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blandine","family":"Malbos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7487-0058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eshetu","family":"Gurmu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7056-9257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9mie","family":"Riou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3151-9919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Alvergne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244016646612"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)60551-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Ali Mohamed M. John G.Cleland&Iqbal H.Shah2012. \u201cCauses and Consequences of Contraceptive Discontinuation: Evidence from 60 Demographic and Health Surveys.\u201d World Health Organization Geneva.https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/75429"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ehs.2021.8"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","article-title":"Side Effects and the Need for Secrecy: Characterising Discontinuation of Modern Contraception and Its Causes in Ethiopia Using Mixed Methods","volume":"2","author":"Alvergne Alexandra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contraception and Reproductive Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2019.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"Contraceptive Discontinuation\u202f: Reasons, Challenges, and Solutions","author":"Castle Sarah","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016","author":"Central Statistical Agency (CSA) [Ethiopia], and ICF","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","article-title":"Anemia Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Etiology in Low\u2010 and Middle\u2010income Countries","volume":"1450","author":"Chaparro Camila M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7752-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1966569"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2014.00373.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jfprhc-2014-100976"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674067196"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(80)90142-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Analysis of Complex Survey Samples","volume":"9","author":"Lumley Thomas.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OAJC.S76070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61228-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-14-109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22907"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","volume-title":"Outlook on Reproductive Health: Countering Myths and Misperceptions about Contraceptives","author":"PATH","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25194"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/padr.12051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21195"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2005.00038.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","volume-title":"Contraceptive Discontinuation, Failure, and Switching in Cambodia. 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