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Thirty\u2010seven <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVID<\/jats:styled-content> patients and 18 age\u2010\/sex\u2010matched controls were enrolled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>s) were obtained from both groups, and the percentage of Tregs was calculated using flow cytometry method. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression of Tregs' surface markers cytotoxic T lymphocyte\u2013associated antigen\u20104 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104) and glucocorticoid\u2010induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GITR<\/jats:styled-content>), which are associated with Tregs' inhibitory function, was compared between patients and controls by quantitative real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> TaqMan method. The results revealed that the frequency of Tregs was significantly lower in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVID<\/jats:styled-content> patients than normal individuals (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). In addition, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVID<\/jats:styled-content> patients with autoimmunity were found to have markedly reduced proportion of Tregs compared to those cases without autoimmune diseases (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.023). A significant difference was seen in factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) expression between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVID<\/jats:styled-content> patients and controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>s of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GITR<\/jats:styled-content> genes were expressed at lower levels in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVID<\/jats:styled-content> patients compared to control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.005 and &lt;0.001, respectively). Our findings showed reduced proportion of Tregs in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVID<\/jats:styled-content> patients together with downregulation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOXP<\/jats:styled-content>3 protein and diminished expression of inhibitory Tregs' markers. It could be concluded that all of these changes may be responsible for cellular immune dysregulation observed in these patients especially those with autoimmune manifestation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,23]],"date-time":"2013-02-23T17:03:51Z","timestamp":1361639031000},"page":"405-412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Frequency and Expression of Inhibitory Markers of <scp>CD<\/scp>4<sup>+<\/sup><scp>CD<\/scp>25<sup>+<\/sup><scp>FOXP<\/scp>3<sup>+<\/sup> Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Arandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 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