{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T03:44:07Z","timestamp":1773632647164,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,23]],"date-time":"2013-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Yersinia pestis<\/jats:italic> is a facultative bacterium that can survive and proliferate inside host macrophages and cause bubonic, pneumonic and systemic infection. Apart from humoral response, cell\u2010mediated protection plays a major role in combating the disease. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>raction 1 capsular antigen (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>g) of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Y<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pestis<\/jats:italic> has long been exploited as a vaccine candidate. In this study, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2010multiple antigenic peptide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAP<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAP<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010specific cell\u2010mediated and cytokine responses were studied in murine model. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAP<\/jats:styled-content> consisting of three B and one <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content> cell epitopes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2010antigen with one palmitoyl residue was synthesized using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>moc chemistry. Mice were immunized with different formulations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAP<\/jats:styled-content> in poly <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010lactide\u2010<jats:italic>co<\/jats:italic>\u2010glycolide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLGA<\/jats:styled-content>) microspheres. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAP<\/jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>p<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content> oligodeoxynucleotide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>p<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODN<\/jats:styled-content>) as an adjuvant showed enhanced <jats:italic>in vitro <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content> cell proliferation and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>h1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>h17 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201017<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>) cytokine secretion. Similar formulation also showed significantly higher numbers of cytokine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3)\u2010secreting cells. Moreover, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAP<\/jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>p<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content> formulation showed significantly high (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001) percentage of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells as compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells, and also more (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4\u2010 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3)<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells secrete perforin and granzyme as compared to (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8\u2010 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3)<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> showing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>h1 response. Thus, the study highlights the importance of Th1 cytokine and existence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> immune response. This study proposes a new perspective for the development of vaccination strategies for <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Y<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pestis<\/jats:italic> that trigger T cell immune response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]],"date-time":"2013-03-12T19:46:43Z","timestamp":1363117603000},"page":"361-371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Multiple Antigen Peptide Containing <scp>B<\/scp> and <scp>T<\/scp> Cell Epitopes of <scp>F<\/scp>1 Antigen of <i><scp>Y<\/scp>ersinia pestis<\/i> Showed Enhanced <scp>T<\/scp>h1 Immune Response in Murine Model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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