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The pectin preparations were administered intraperitoneally 3\u00a0h before challenge with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> serotype 6B. Blood samples were obtained from all animals before and at 3\u00a0h, 24\u00a0h and 72\u00a0h after challenge with the pneumococci. The number of bacteria in blood was recorded and the blood concentration of a range of cytokines measured. The pretreatment with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>, Oc50A1.I.A and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>1P1 demonstrated a protective activity against <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> serotype 6B infection, albeit at different range of concentrations. The pectins showed no direct antibacterial effects towards <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pneumonia<\/jats:italic>; however, they induced the production of a range of cytokines and chemokines. We have previously shown that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>, Oc50A1.I.A and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>1P1 exhibit complement fixation activity and also that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> and Oc50A1.I.A stimulate macrophages to produce <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content>. The observed clinical effect might therefore be linked to the ability of the pectic polysaccharides to stimulate the innate immune system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,14]],"date-time":"2013-03-14T09:35:47Z","timestamp":1363253747000},"page":"372-388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Pectic Polysaccharides Isolated from Malian Medicinal Plants Protect against <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i> in a Mouse Pneumococcal Infection Model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"K. T.","family":"Inngjerdingen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmacy University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. 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