{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T18:24:17Z","timestamp":1771611857102,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,20]],"date-time":"2015-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The recent studies suggest a role of fungi in development of sarcoidosis. Moreover, the immune response in sarcoidosis and fungal infection shows a striking similarity. We formulated a hypothesis of the possible increase in antifungal antibodies in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALF<\/jats:styled-content>) and serum in pulmonary sarcoidosis. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALF<\/jats:styled-content> and serum levels of IgG\u2010, IgM\u2010 and IgA\u2010specific antibodies against the cell wall <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010D\u2010glucan and mannan of <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic> were tested in 47 patients (29 pulmonary sarcoidosis patients and 18 patients with other interstitial lung diseases (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILD<\/jats:styled-content> \u2013 control group)) and 170 healthy controls. Our results proved: (1) an increase in IgG\u2010, IgM\u2010 and IgA\u2010specific antifungal antibodies in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALF<\/jats:styled-content> in pulmonary sarcoidosis compared with the control group (<jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>: IgG: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0329, IgM: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0076, IgA: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0156; <jats:italic>S. cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>: IgG: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0062, IgM: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0367, IgA: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0095) and (2) elevated levels of serum antifungal antibodies in pulmonary sarcoidosis compared with healthy controls (<jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>: IgG: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0329, IgM: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0076, IgA: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0156; <jats:italic>S. cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>: IgG: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05, IgM: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05, IgA: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The study showed increased serum and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALF<\/jats:styled-content> levels of antifungal antibodies in pulmonary sarcoidosis. The hypothesis that fungal infection is one of the possible aetiologic agents of sarcoidosis is interesting and deserves further attention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]],"date-time":"2015-02-02T13:09:02Z","timestamp":1422882542000},"page":"259-264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Increased Antifungal Antibodies in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Serum in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Suchankova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Faculty of Medicine Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Paulovicova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry Center for Glycomics Slovak Academy of Science Bratislava Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Paulovicova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry Center for Glycomics Slovak Academy of Science Bratislava Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Majer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology and Phthisiology Faculty of Medicine Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Tedlova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology and Phthisiology Faculty of Medicine Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Novosadova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology and Phthisiology Faculty of Medicine Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Tibenska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medirex, Ltd. 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