{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:47:33Z","timestamp":1788176853720,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,18]],"date-time":"2015-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1434585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The syndrome of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFAPA<\/jats:styled-content>) is an autoinflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology. Tonsillectomy may cause a prompt resolution of the syndrome. The aim was to study the histologic and immunological aspects of the palatine tonsils in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFAPA<\/jats:styled-content>, to help understand the pathophysiology of the syndrome. Tonsils from children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFAPA<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a011) and children with tonsillar hypertrophy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a016) were evaluated histologically after haematoxylin and eosin staining. The number of different cell types was identified immunohistochemically by cluster of differentiation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>) markers: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>3 (T cells), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 (T helper cells), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8 (cytotoxic T cells), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>15 (neutrophils), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>20 (B cells), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>45 (all leucocytes), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>57 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>163 (monocytes and macrophages). Tonsils from children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFAPA<\/jats:styled-content> showed reactive lymphoid hyperplasia dominated by well\u2010developed germinal centres with many tingible body macrophages. The histologic findings were unspecific, and a similar morphologic appearance was also found in the tonsils from controls. The number of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8+ cells in germinal centres differed between children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFAPA<\/jats:styled-content> [median 9 cells (quartiles: 5, 15)] and controls [18 cells (12, 33) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001)] and between children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFAPA<\/jats:styled-content> with (median 14 cells; 9, 16) and without (4 cells; 3, 8) aphthous stomatitis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.015). For the other cell types, no differences in germinal centres were found between children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFAPA<\/jats:styled-content> and controls. In conclusion, a lower number of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8+ cells were found in germinal centres of tonsils in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFAPA<\/jats:styled-content> compared to controls, which may be a feature linked to the aetiology of the syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,17]],"date-time":"2015-04-17T06:55:13Z","timestamp":1429253713000},"page":"76-83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Reduced Number of <scp>CD<\/scp>8+ Cells in Tonsillar Germinal Centres in Children with the Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis and Cervical Adenitis Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"F\u00f8rsvoll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. 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M.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Wathne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Skaland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Klos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. K.","family":"Kristoffersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"\u00d8ymar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141627"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12069"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"980","article-title":"PFAPA syndrome: clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in a large single\u2010centre 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