{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T20:10:30Z","timestamp":1785528630314,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,25]],"date-time":"2015-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010679","name":"Pasteur Institute of Iran","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010679","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Effective vaccination against pathogens, which enter the body through mucosal surfaces, requires the induction of both mucosal and systemic immune responses. Here, mucosal as well as systemic immune responses in the lung and spleen of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALB<\/jats:styled-content>\/c mice which were orally vaccinated with a single dose of alginate\u2010encapsulated bacille Calmette\u2013Guerin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content>) were evaluated. Twenty weeks after immunization, the vaccinated mice were challenged intranasally with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content>. Twelve weeks after immunization and 5\u00a0weeks after challenge, the immune responses were evaluated. Moreover, immune responses were compared with those of mice that were vaccinated with free <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content> by subcutaneous (sc) and oral routes. Twelve weeks after the immunization, serum IgG level was higher in the sc\u2010immunized mice, while serum IgA level was higher in the orally immunized mice with encapsulated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content>. Significant productions of both IgG and IgA were only detected in lungs of mice orally immunized with encapsulated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content>. Proliferative and delayed\u2010type hypersensitivity responses and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> production were significantly higher in mice immunized orally with encapsulated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content>, compared to mice immunized orally with free <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content>. After challenge, the levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> were comparable between sc\u2010immunized mice with free <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content> and orally immunized with encapsulated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content>; however, significantly less <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 was detected in mice which had received encapsulated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content> via oral route. Moreover, significant control of the bacilli growth in the lung of the immunized mice after intranasal challenge with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content> was documented in mice vaccinated with encapsulated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content>. These results suggest that oral immunization with alginate\u2010encapsulated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content> is an effective mean of inducing mucosal and systemic specific immune responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]],"date-time":"2015-08-19T07:47:55Z","timestamp":1439970475000},"page":"489-497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Immunization with Single Oral Dose of Alginate\u2010Encapsulated <scp>BCG<\/scp> Elicits Effective and Long\u2010Lasting Mucosal Immune Responses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran IR Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Dobakhti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Mazandaran IR Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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