{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:45:00Z","timestamp":1774529100530,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB<\/jats:styled-content>) remains a challenging diagnosis both for clinicians and microbiologists. We hypothesized that the profile of IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u0264\/IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 ratio in clinically diagnosed cases of EPTB<\/jats:styled-content> would be distinct from that of age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy controls. Therefore, in our study, we have assessed the ratio of serum levels of IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u0264 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 in clinically diagnosed cases of EPTB<\/jats:styled-content> to assess their potential role as diagnostic biomarkers. Sixty\u2010nine (69) clinically confirmed EPTB<\/jats:styled-content> cases and 69 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy controls were included in the study. All the extrapulmonary specimens were subjected to Ziehl\u2013Neelsen staining for acid\u2010fast bacilli and culture on Lowenstein\u2013Jensen (LJ<\/jats:styled-content>) medium. Detection of serum levels of IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u0264 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 was carried out using commercially available ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> kits following manufacturers' instructions. The ratio of serum levels of IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u0264 and IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u0264\/IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 was discriminative for the diagnosis of EPTB<\/jats:styled-content> cases (p\u00a0<\u00a00.001), although the same was not observed with IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 (p\u00a0>\u00a00.05). Distribution of all biomarkers significantly differed between culture\u2010positive and culture\u2010negative cases (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05). Among the smear\u2010positive and smear\u2010negative ones, only IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u0264 and IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u0264\/IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 ratio could significantly differentiate (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05). Ratio of IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u0264 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 rather than the individual levels was the best discriminatory biomarker with the highest area under the ROC<\/jats:styled-content> curve. Although IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u0264 and IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u0264\/ IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 ratio could aid in the diagnosis of EPTB<\/jats:styled-content>, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 has a limited utility in the diagnosis of EPTB<\/jats:styled-content>. Further elaborate studies to validate these results are required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,6]],"date-time":"2016-03-06T09:33:01Z","timestamp":1457256781000},"page":"338-344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Significance of IFN<\/scp>\u2010\u0264\/IL<\/scp>\u20102 Ratio as a Circulating Diagnostic Biomarker in Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Goyal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Kashyap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. 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