{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T18:00:24Z","timestamp":1779386424601,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,13]],"date-time":"2016-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bror Hjerpstedt Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eosinophil granulocytes are intriguing members of the innate immunity system that have been considered important defenders during parasitic diseases as well as culprits during allergy\u2010associated inflammatory diseases. Novel studies have, however, found new homoeostasis\u2010maintaining roles for the cell. Recent clinical trials blocking different Th2 cytokines have uncovered that asthma is heterogeneous entity and forms different characteristic endotypes. Although eosinophils are present in allergic asthma with early onset, the cells may not be essential for the pathology. The cells are, however, likely disease causing in asthma with a late onset, which is often associated with chronic rhinosinusitis. Assessment of eosinophilia, fraction exhaled nitric oxide (Fe<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content>) and periostin are markers that have emerged useful in assessing and monitoring asthma severity and endotype. Current scientific knowledge suggests that eosinophils are recruited by the inflammatory environment, activated by the innate interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u201033 and prevented from apoptosis by both lymphocytes and innate immune cells such as type two innate immune cells. Eosinophils contain four specific granule proteins that exhibit an array of toxic and immune\u2010modulatory activates. The granule proteins can be released by different mechanisms. Additionally, eosinophils contain a number of inflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators as well as radical oxygen species that might contribute to the disease both by the recruitment of other cells and the direct damage to supporting cells, leading to exacerbations and tissue fibrosis. This review aimed to outline current knowledge how eosinophils are recruited, activated and mediate damage to tissues and therapies used to control the cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]],"date-time":"2016-05-11T12:45:57Z","timestamp":1462970757000},"page":"75-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Role of Eosinophil Granulocytes in Allergic Airway Inflammation Endotypes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Amin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Clinical Chemistry and Asthma Research Centre Uppsala University and University Hospital Uppsala Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology\/Immunology Faculty of Medical Sciences School of Medicine University of Sulaimani Sulaimani Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Janson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Clinical Chemistry and Asthma Research Centre Uppsala University and University Hospital Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Bystrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology William Harvey Research Institute, Barts &amp; the London Queen Mary, University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"571","article-title":"Ueber die specifischen Granulationen des Blutes","volume":"3","author":"Erlich P","year":"1879","journal-title":"Arch Anat Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"437","article-title":"The influence of IL\u20103, IL\u20105, and GM\u2010CSF on normal human eosinophil and neutrophil C3b\u2010induced degranulation","volume":"48","author":"Carlson M","year":"1993","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V73.6.1504.1504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V75.9.1774.bloodjournal7591774","article-title":"Regulation of human eosinophil precursor production by cytokines: a comparison of recombinant human interleukin\u20101 (rhIL\u20101), rhIL\u20103, rhIL\u20105, rhIL\u20106, and rh granulocyte\u2010macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor","volume":"75","author":"Clutterbuck EJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.1.195"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12526"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201475"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20121964"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2008.02958.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/309182a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-12-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V44.2.235.235"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Purification and characterization of a new cationic protein\u2013eosinophil protein\u2010X (EPX) \u2013 from granules of human eosinophils","volume":"50","author":"Peterson CG","year":"1983","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.10.3146"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.134.3.1875"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)34538-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(88)90962-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-008-0118-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1304046110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"1307","article-title":"The eosinophil as a cellular source of transforming growth factor alpha in healing cutaneous wounds","volume":"138","author":"Todd R","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910540103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3159"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.4.1207.004k34_1207_1213"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12169"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.6.9912001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.112266"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61452-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2678"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.07.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1106469"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200711-1754OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200903-0392OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201208-1470OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70126-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2011.02709.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201406-1099OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00962002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20170"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200906-0896OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00130832-200310000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0906312"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.7.4780"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-013-0338-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI65570"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005374"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2013.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004812"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2010.03349.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.70.826.536"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000196092"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/145.3.669"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03496-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1304048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206719"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-015-0218-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-013-0346-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(93)90078-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805435"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60988-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70128-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70201-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2014.09.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2013.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201343730"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200607-973OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3RI0314-129R"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12462"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12440"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12392"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.07.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201103-0396OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000070474"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.3.439"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.2.255"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.4.1086"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(93)90064-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.5.7537586"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.14.1.8534490"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20141671"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/321613a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.121460"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.1.9809048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.09.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.12.1103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-05-432088"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_109_1","first-page":"L294","article-title":"Epithelium\u2010dependent contraction of airway smooth muscle caused by eosinophil MBP","volume":"259","author":"White SR","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/140.6.1745"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_111_1","first-page":"460","article-title":"Bronchial epithelium and asthma","volume":"6","author":"Allegra L","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur Respir J Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.17.1.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(88)90931-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(89)90441-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116331"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00455.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.105712"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa0282"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_120_1","first-page":"352","article-title":"Eosinophil cationic protein alters proteoglycan metabolism in human lung fibroblast cultures","volume":"59","author":"Hernnas J","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-007-9032-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2008.03190.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_124_1","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Eosinophil in Asthma","author":"Venge P","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1939-4551-7-32"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1403290"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1403291"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fsji.12448","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fsji.12448","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/sji.12448","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T16:09:10Z","timestamp":1696176550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/sji.12448"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,13]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/sji.12448"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sji.12448","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9475","1365-3083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9475","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-04-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-05-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-07-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}