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Notably, the suppressor of cytokine signalling (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>) family of intracellular proteins, in particular the kinase inhibitory region (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR<\/jats:styled-content>) bearing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>3, plays a critical role in regulating cytokine signalling. To assess a relationship between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>1\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>3 expression and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content>, the goals of this study were to (1) evaluate the time kinetics of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>1\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>3 message and protein expression based on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated stimulations, (2) compare levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>3 present in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients and healthy controls by message and protein, (3) relate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>1\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>3 expression to inflammatory markers in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients and (4) correlate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>1\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>3 levels to current treatments. We found that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>3 were most abundant in murine splenic samples at 48\u00a0h subsequent to stimulation by anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>3, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content> or interferon\u2010gamma. In addition, significant reductions in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>3 were present within <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMBC<\/jats:styled-content>s of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients compared to controls by both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> and protein expression. We also found that decreased levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>1 in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients were correlated with enhanced levels of inflammatory markers and upregulated expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHC<\/jats:styled-content> class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>. Finally, we show that patients receiving steroid treatment possessed higher levels <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>1 compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> patient counterparts and that steroid administration to human <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>s upregulated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>1 message in a dose\u2010 and time\u2010dependent manner. Together, these results suggest that therapeutic strategies focused on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOCS<\/jats:styled-content>1 signalling may have efficacy in the treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]],"date-time":"2016-10-26T06:56:00Z","timestamp":1477464960000},"page":"299-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Therapeutic Potential for Targeting the Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling\u20101 Pathway for the Treatment of <scp>SLE<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Sukka\u2010Ganesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Science University of Florida Gainesville FL 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