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Human endogenous retroviruses (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HERV<\/jats:styled-content>s) and their superantigenic envelope protein (env) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>. In the present investigation, the arthritogenic potential of the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEA<\/jats:styled-content>) has been investigated. In the present investigation, the bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEA<\/jats:styled-content>) was injected into the right knee joint of 15 Lewis rats. Further nine animals received saline. Animals were sacrificed one, five and 10\u00a0days after the injection, respectively. The antigens <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>3, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHC<\/jats:styled-content> class I, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHC<\/jats:styled-content> class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>, Pax5 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>138 were investigated by immunohistochemistry on cryo\u2010sections. After intra\u2010articular <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEA<\/jats:styled-content> injection, the inflammation was initially dominated by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8+ T cells. In the course of the investigation, the numbers of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+, Pax5+, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>138+ and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHC<\/jats:styled-content> class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>+ cells increased. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>3 was expressed in low numbers as compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8. After saline injection, no similar inflammatory response has been detected. The arthritis induced by the superantigen <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEA<\/jats:styled-content> may be a novel model for inflammatory joint diseases, that is rheumatoid arthritis or juvenile idiopathic arthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,27]],"date-time":"2017-01-27T14:33:25Z","timestamp":1485527605000},"page":"191-196","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Experimental Arthritis in the Rat Induced by the Superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Gerlach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Surgery Martin Luther University Halle\u2010Wittenberg Halle Germany"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Martin Luther University Halle\u2010Wittenberg Halle Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Tomuschat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Surgery Martin Luther University Halle\u2010Wittenberg Halle Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Finke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Surgery Martin Luther University Halle\u2010Wittenberg Halle Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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