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When TLR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010stimulated eosinophils were inoculated i.p. into wild\u2010type mice, and NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells were rapidly recruited and exhibited antitumour cytotoxicity. However, when mice depleted of CD<\/jats:styled-content>11c+<\/jats:sup> cells were used, a marked decrease in the number of recruited NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells was observed. We postulated that CpG or LPS<\/jats:styled-content> from the injected eosinophils could be transferred to host cells, which in turn could recruit NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells. However, by inoculating mice deficient in TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4 or TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9 with LPS<\/jats:styled-content> or CpG\u2010stimulated eosinophils respectively, NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell recruitment was still observed alongside cytotoxicity and IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b3 production. CpG stimulation of eosinophils produced the pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012 and the chemokine CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>10, which are important for NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell activation and recruitment in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>. To demonstrate the importance of CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>10 in NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell recruitment, we found that CpG\u2010stimulated eosinophils pretreated with the gut microbial metabolite butyrate had reduced expression and production of CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>10 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012 and concomitantly were poor at recruitment of NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells and inducing IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b3 in NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells. Therefore, eosinophils like other innate immune cells of myeloid origin can conceivably stimulate NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell activity. In addition, products of the gut microbiota can be potential inhibitors of NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]],"date-time":"2017-04-20T14:22:10Z","timestamp":1492698130000},"page":"417-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["TLR<\/scp>\u2010Stimulated Eosinophils Mediate Recruitment and Activation of NK<\/scp> Cells In Vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"S. 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