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In this study, proportions of all leucocyte subsets expressing HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010G were found to be low in healthy subjects positive or negative for cytomegalovirus (CMV<\/jats:styled-content>). Significantly greater proportions of CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+ CD<\/jats:styled-content>69+ and CD<\/jats:styled-content>56+ T cells expressed HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010G compared to other T cells. However, following stimulation with CMV<\/jats:styled-content> antigens or intact CMV<\/jats:styled-content>, proportions of CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+, CD<\/jats:styled-content>8+, CD<\/jats:styled-content>69+ and CD<\/jats:styled-content>56+ T cells, and also B cells expressing HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010G, were significantly increased in CMV<\/jats:styled-content>+ subjects. Despite some subjects having alleles of HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010G associated with high levels of expression, no relationship was found between HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010G genotype and expression levels. Purified B cells from CMV<\/jats:styled-content>+ subjects stimulated in mixed culture with CMV<\/jats:styled-content> antigens showed significantly increased HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010G mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression by real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction. Serum levels of soluble HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010G were similar in CMV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212 and CMV<\/jats:styled-content>+ subjects but levels in culture supernatants were significantly higher in cells from CMV<\/jats:styled-content>+ than from CMV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212 subjects stimulated with CMV<\/jats:styled-content> antigens. The HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010G ligand KIR<\/jats:styled-content>2DL<\/jats:styled-content>4 was mainly expressed on NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells and CD<\/jats:styled-content>56+ T cells with no differences between CMV<\/jats:styled-content>+ and CMV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212 subjects. Following stimulation with IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102, an increase in the proportion of CD<\/jats:styled-content>56+ T cells positive for KIR<\/jats:styled-content>2DL<\/jats:styled-content>4 was found, together with a significant decrease in CD<\/jats:styled-content>56dimCD<\/jats:styled-content>16+ NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells. The results show that CMV<\/jats:styled-content> influences HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010G expression in healthy subjects and may contribute to viral immune evasion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,17]],"date-time":"2017-08-17T08:40:48Z","timestamp":1502959248000},"page":"396-407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Influence of Cytomegalovirus on Expression of HLA<\/scp>\u2010G and its Ligand KIR<\/scp>2DL<\/scp>4 by Human Peripheral Blood Leucocyte Subsets"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Z.","family":"Albayati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology Institute of Infection & Global Health University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Alyami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology Institute of Infection & Global Health University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Alomar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Middleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Immunology Royal Liverpool & Broadgreen University Hospital Trust Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Bonnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Institute of Translational Medicine University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Aleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology Institute of Infection & Global Health University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. 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