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Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the dysregulation of either Tfh cells or Tfr cells contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. We aim to investigate the roles of circulating Tfh cells and circulating Tfr cells in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content>). A total of 34 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> and 27 health individuals were enrolled in this study. Flow cytometry revealed that circulating Tfh (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCR<\/jats:styled-content>5<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>127<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>25<jats:sup>lo<\/jats:sup>) cells were increased, but Tfr (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCR<\/jats:styled-content>5<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>127<jats:sup>lo<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>25<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>) cells and ratio of Tfr\/Tfh were dramatically decreased in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> patients compared with healthy controls. The Tfr\/Tfh ratio was negatively correlated with level of serum IgM. Meanwhile, we also observed effector memory (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCR<\/jats:styled-content>7<jats:sup>lo<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>) Tfh cells and Tfr cells were dramatically increased, but central memory (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCR<\/jats:styled-content>7<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<jats:sup>lo<\/jats:sup>) Tfh cells and Tfr cells were decreased in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> patients compared with healthy controls. Effector memory Tfr cells were positively correlated with level of serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALP<\/jats:styled-content>. These results indicate that an imbalance of circulating Tfr cells and Tfh cells may be involved in the immunopathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> and may provide novel insight for the development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,23]],"date-time":"2017-09-23T14:16:56Z","timestamp":1506176216000},"page":"452-461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Dysregulation of Circulating Tfr\/Tfh Ratio in Primary biliary cholangitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3939-9875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Peking University Third Hospital 49 North Garden Road, Haidian 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