{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:28:16Z","timestamp":1791872896246,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]],"date-time":"2018-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Immune homeostasis has been suggested to play an important role in the clinical evolution of chronic Chagas disease; however, the immunopathologic factors involved have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, our study aimed to analyse the frequency of\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 25\n +<\/jats:sup>\n FoxP3\n +<\/jats:sup>\n cells, classic Th17 cells, alternative Th17 cells and\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201017\n +<\/jats:sup>\n B cells from peripheral blood of chronic cardiac patients after in\u00a0vitro stimulation with\n Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n soluble\n EPI<\/jats:styled-content>\n antigen. Patients were selected and classified according to clinical evaluation of cardiac involvement: mild, B1 (\n CARD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1) (n\u00a0=\u00a020) and severe, C (\n CARD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2) (n\u00a0=\u00a011). Patients with the indeterminate form of\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n were included as the control group A (\n IND<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) (n\u00a0=\u00a017). Blood samples were collected and cultured in the presence of\n EPI<\/jats:styled-content>\n antigen. Cells frequency and median fluorescence intensity (\n MFI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) were obtained by flow cytometry. Our results showed that only\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 25\n +<\/jats:sup>\n FoxP3\n +<\/jats:sup>\n ,\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 25\n high<\/jats:sup>\n FoxP3\n +<\/jats:sup>\n ,\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201017\n +<\/jats:sup>\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\u03b3\n \u2212<\/jats:sup>\n and\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201017\n +<\/jats:sup>\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\u03b3\n +<\/jats:sup>\n cells are more frequent in patients with severe cardiac disease and correlate with worse global cardiac function. However, while indeterminate patients demonstrated a positive correlation between\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 25\n +<\/jats:sup>\n FoxP3\n +<\/jats:sup>\n and\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201017\n +<\/jats:sup>\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\u03b3\n \u2212<\/jats:sup>\n Th17 cells, this relationship was not observed in cardiac patients.\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201017 expression by Th17 cells and B cells correlated with disease progression. Altogether our results suggest that the clinical progression of Chagas cardiomyopathy involves worsening of inflammation and impairment of immunoregulatory mechanisms.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,23]],"date-time":"2018-02-23T08:22:36Z","timestamp":1519374156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Alternative Th17 and CD4\n +<\/sup>\n CD25\n +<\/sup>\n FoxP3\n +<\/sup>\n cell frequencies increase and correlate with worse cardiac function in Chagas cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"M. S.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es Research Center FIOCRUZ Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0663-236X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V. M. B.","family":"Lorena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es Research Center FIOCRUZ Recife Brazil"},{"name":"Integrated Chagas Disease Programme (PIDC) FIOCRUZ Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. de A.","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ambulat\u00f3rio de Doen\u00e7a de Chagas e Insufici\u00eancia Card\u00edaca do Pronto Socorro Cardiol\u00f3gico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE) University of Pernambuco (UPE) Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. O.","family":"Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Chagas Disease Programme (PIDC) FIOCRUZ Recife Brazil"},{"name":"Ambulat\u00f3rio de Doen\u00e7a de Chagas e Insufici\u00eancia Card\u00edaca do Pronto Socorro Cardiol\u00f3gico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE) University of Pernambuco (UPE) Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. da G. A. M.","family":"Cavalcanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Chagas Disease Programme (PIDC) FIOCRUZ Recife Brazil"},{"name":"Ambulat\u00f3rio de Doen\u00e7a de Chagas e Insufici\u00eancia Card\u00edaca do Pronto Socorro Cardiol\u00f3gico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE) University of Pernambuco (UPE) Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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