{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T21:35:08Z","timestamp":1780349708427,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Liver cirrhosis (LC) is an inflammatory process associated with impaired functions in adaptive and innate immune responses at both systemic and local levels, also referred as Cirrhosis\u2010Associated Immune Dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated the functionality of neutrophils from ascitic fluid (AF) of patients with hepatic cirrhosis by testing their ability to generate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in\u00a0vitro. To further determine the activation state of neutrophils, expression of the activation markers CD66b, CD69, and CD80 on these cells was analysed by flow cytometry. The inflammatory environment in AF was assessed by measured concentration of pro\u2010 and anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines. Samples were collected from 40 patients with LC, 20 of them with uncomplicated ascites (ASC) and 20 with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Peripheral blood (PB) neutrophils from healthy individuals were used as control (HC). Our results revealed a significant decrease in the release of NETs in neutrophils from the SBP group compared with HC. Low expression of CD69 and CD80 on neutrophils from AF of SBP patients was also observed. Comparisons of inflammatory cytokine levels in AF from the different study groups (SBP and ASC) revealed significant differences. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the development of complications, such as SBP, increases initially the inflammatory status, but chronically results in impaired neutrophil function as demonstrated by the decreased capability of NETs formation. There is also an increase in both pro\u2010inflammatory and anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines, thus predisposing for new episodes of SPB and increasing morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]],"date-time":"2018-08-28T10:40:27Z","timestamp":1535452827000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Impaired neutrophil extracellular traps and inflammatory responses in the peritoneal fluid of patients with liver cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3280-3089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Agraz\u2010Cibri\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctorado en Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas CUCS Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Jalisco M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico 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