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Several treatment regimes have failed combating this disease totally, but long\u2010term usage of drugs leads to organ damage. As T11\u2010target structure (T11TS) has documented profound immune potentiation, we aimed to investigate the role of microglia, pivotal immune cells of brain in ameliorating cryptococcosis, with T11TS immunotherapy. Murine model with <jats:italic>C\u00a0neoformans<\/jats:italic> infection was prepared by intraperitoneal injection and the brains of rats examined 7\u00a0days post\u2010infections for histopathology by PAS and Alcian blue staining corroborated with organ fungal burden evidencing restorative T11TS action on Cryptococcal meningitis. Immunotherapy with three doses of T11TS, a CD2 ligand, in <jats:italic>C\u00a0neoformans<\/jats:italic> infected rats, upregulates toll\u2010like receptors 2, \u22124 and \u22129 of microglia, indicating increased phagocytosis of the fungus. Flowcytometric analysis revealed increased numbers of T11TS treated brain infiltrating CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010lymphocytes along with increased MHC I and MHC II on microglia, activating the infiltrating lymphocytes aiding the killing mechanism. Present study also indicated that T11TS increased production of Th1 inflammatory cytokines conducive to fungal elimination while the inhibitory Th2 cytokines were dampened. This preclinical study is first of its kind to show that T11TS effected profound immune stimulation of microglial activity of <jats:italic>C\u00a0neoformans<\/jats:italic> infected rats eradicating residual fungal burden from the brain and can be a useful therapeutic strategy in fighting against this deadly disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]],"date-time":"2018-11-19T06:55:12Z","timestamp":1542610512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["T11TS immunotherapy augments microglial and lymphocyte protective immune responses against <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i> in the brain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Iman","family":"Hazra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine School of Tropical Medicine Kolkata 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