{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T23:06:32Z","timestamp":1784675192435,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]],"date-time":"2019-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of IgG autoantibodies owing to an imbalance in the Th1\/Th2 and Th17\/Tregs cell pathways. The role of gut microbiota in the development of immune system and autoimmune diseases has been unraveled in the last two decades. However, data pertaining to gut microbiota of PV patients is largely lacking. We aimed to compare the gut microbiota of PV patients and healthy\u2009controls and assessed potential correlation with circulating cytokines of Th1\/Th2\/Th17 cell. Faecal bacterial diversity was analysed in 18 PV patients and 14 age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched healthy individuals using hypervariable\u2009tag\u2009sequencing\u2009of the\u2009V3\u2010V4 region\u2009of the\u200916S\u2009rRNA\u2009gene. Plasma levels of 20 inflammatory cytokines were assessed using the Luminex screening system. As a result, we identified 10 differentially abundant taxa between patients and controls. At the genera level, <jats:italic>Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Coprococcus<\/jats:italic> decreased, while <jats:italic>Granulicatella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Flavonifractor<\/jats:italic> enriched in PV. Plasma levels of C5a, interleukin (IL)\u20102R, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, IL\u20107, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL17A, IL\u20105 and IL\u201021 were significantly increased in PV <jats:italic>Flavonifractor<\/jats:italic> exhibited a positive correlation with C5a, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, IL\u20107, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL17A and IL\u201021. <jats:italic>Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Coprococcus<\/jats:italic> showed a negative correlation with IL\u201017A. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that PV patients have gut microbial dysbiosis which might contribute to the immune disorder and the development of PV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]],"date-time":"2019-06-18T20:48:24Z","timestamp":1560890904000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["The imbalance of gut microbiota and its correlation with plasma inflammatory cytokines in pemphigus vulgaris patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Shuli","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology &amp; STD The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology &amp; STD The Affiliated Hospital of 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