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This study aims to determine whether ADSCs also suppresses osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion in collagen\u2010induced arthritis (CIA). Osteoclasts were induced from bone marrow\u2010derived CD11b<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells with receptor activator of nuclear factor\u2010\u03ba B ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor (M\u2010CSF) stimulation and assessed with tartrate\u2010resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. For human cells, osteoclasts were produced from human CD14<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells. ADSCs were generated and added to cultures with different ratios with CD11b<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells. Transwell and antibody blockade experiments were performed to define the mechanism of action. NF\u2010\u03baB and RANKL expression were determined by Western blotting and RT\u2010qPCR. About 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> ADSCs or fibroblast cells were adoptively transferred to DBA1\/J mice on day 14 after immunization with type II collagen\/complete Freund's adjuvant (CII\/CFA) while the onset and severity of the CIA were monitored. Adipose\u2010derived mesenchymal stromal cells but not fibroblast cells completely suppressed osteoclastogenesis in vitro for human and mice. ADSCs injected after immunization and before of onset of CIA significantly suppressed disease development. Treatment with ADSCs dramatically decreased the levels of NF\u2010\u03baB p65\/p50 in osteoclasts in vitro and P65\/50 and RANKL expression by synovial tissues in vivo. We have demonstrated that ADSCs can inhibit RANKL\u2010induced osteoclasts genesis via CD39 signals. Our findings also suggest that ADSCs can inhibit osteoclasts genesis without the involvement of regulatory T cells. ADSCs might represent a promising strategy for stem cell\u2010based therapies for RA. Thus, manipulation of ADSCs may have therapeutic effects on RA and other bone erosion\u2013related diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,7]],"date-time":"2020-03-07T17:40:10Z","timestamp":1583602810000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Adipose\u2010derived mesenchymal stromal cells suppress osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion in collagen\u2010induced arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Zhongda Hospital Medical School Southeast University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Zhongda Hospital Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 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