{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T10:01:19Z","timestamp":1770285679523,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and kappa\u2010deleting excision circles (KRECs) are DNA fragments potentially indicative of T and B cell development, respectively. Recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) are a subset of peripheral cells that may also represent thymic function. Here, we investigated TREC\/KREC copy numbers by quantitative real\u2010time PCR in the peripheral blood of patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs, n\u00a0=\u00a0145) and that of healthy controls (HCs, n\u00a0=\u00a086) and assessed the correlation between RTEs and TREC copy numbers. We found that TREC copy numbers were significantly lower in children and adults with PIDs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.002, respectively) as compared with their respective age\u2010matched HCs. A moderate correlation was observed between TREC copies and RTE numbers among children with PID (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.5114, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01), whereas no significant correlation was detected between RTE values and TREC content in the HCs (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0205, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.9208). Additionally, we determined TREC and KREC copy numbers in DNA isolated from the Guthrie cards of 200 newborns and showed that this method is applicable to DNA isolated from both peripheral blood samples and dried blood spots, with the two sample types showing comparable TREC and KREC values. We further showed that RTE values are not always reliable markers of T cell output. Although additional confirmatory studies with larger cohorts are needed, our results provide thresholds for TREC\/KREC copy numbers for different age groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T08:02:58Z","timestamp":1640332978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Determining T and B Cell development by TREC\/KREC analysis in primary immunodeficiency patients and healthy controls"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4933-8048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gizem","family":"\u015eent\u00fcrk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics Health Sciences Institute Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology School of Medicine Ac\u0131badem Mehmet Ali Ayd\u0131nlar University Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Genetics Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuk Yin","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Bioengineering Istanbul Bilgi University Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sevgi Bilgi\u00e7","family":"Eltan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Is\u0131l Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Pendik Research and Training Hospital Marmara University Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dilek","family":"Ba\u015fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Is\u0131l Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Pendik Research and Training Hospital Marmara University Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Ogulur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Is\u0131l Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Marmara University School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Didem","family":"Alt\u0131ndirek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3370-8545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinem","family":"F\u0131rt\u0131na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science Istanbul Istinye University Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00fclya","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology Ankara Medical Faculty Ankara University Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Burcu","family":"Kocam\u0131\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Is\u0131l Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Marmara University School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ay\u00e7a","family":"K\u0131yk\u0131m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, and Immunology Department of Children\u2019s Health and Disease Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z","family":"Camc\u0131o\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, and Immunology Department of Children\u2019s Health and Disease Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhlis Cem","family":"Ar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology Department of Internal Medicine Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tu\u011f\u00e7e","family":"Sudutan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serdar","family":"Beken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine Ac\u0131badem Mehmet Ali Ayd\u0131nlar University Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u015eehime G.","family":"Temel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics Faculty of Medicine Bursa Uludag University Bursa Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine Bursa Uludag University Bursa Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine Institute of Health Sciences Bursa Uludag University Bursa Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasemin","family":"Alanay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine Ac\u0131badem Mehmet Ali Ayd\u0131nlar University Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Rare Diseases and Orphan Drugs Application and Research Center Ac\u0131badem University Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elif","family":"Karakoc\u2010Aydiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Is\u0131l Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Marmara University School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4730-9422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safa","family":"Bar\u0131\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Is\u0131l Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Marmara University School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmet","family":"\u00d6zen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Is\u0131l Berat Barlan 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