{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T19:13:03Z","timestamp":1784747583009,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The importance of the negative selection of self\u2010reacting cells from immune repertoires was easily recognized since it would militate against autoimmune disease. However, while the existence of positive selection in the auditioning of newly formed immune cells is now recognized, it is taking longer to understand its role. With the removal or suppression by negative selection of a subset of immune cells that self\u2010react, would the specificities of remaining immune cells range widely to confront the universe of \u2018non\u2010self\u2019 antigens, including some borne by potential microbial pathogens? Alternatively, from among those remaining immune cells, could some be picked out (positively selected) based on \u2018advanced knowledge\u2019 of some character likely to be common to those pathogens? To exploit \u2018holes\u2019 created by negative selection, it was predicted that pathogens would attempt to mimic their hosts by progressive stepwise mutation towards host \u2018self\u2019\u2014a process entailing passage through a host anti\u2010\u2018near\u2010self\u2010reactivity\u2019 arena. Anticipating this, those hosts that over evolutionary time \u2018learned\u2019 to positively select from developing immune repertoires, cells with reactivities against \u2018near\u2010self\u2019, would be advantaged by natural selection. The benefits of this narrowing of the range of host immune reactivities are now clearer and may solve Burnet's paradox, which concerns the ability of an organism's immune cells to attack its own cancer cells. However, while supporting this in the context of T cell immunity, Manczinger and his colleagues now suggest that some wily pathogens may be exploiting their hosts' narrow defence foci by \u2018seeking\u2019, through mutation, dissimilarity from host \u2018self\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T09:42:48Z","timestamp":1642758168000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Positive selection of immune repertoires: A short further history"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4844-1417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donald R.","family":"Forsdyke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Molecular, Sciences Queen's University  Kingston Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.8281"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(75)90050-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(95)80097-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2005.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006957"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10739-011-9274-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12746"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12929"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2100542118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(67)92837-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1708573114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat5758"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao3859"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspl.1899.0121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.2.7781918"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15498"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.777756"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.110064"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/371067a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2014.96"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(05)80439-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-003-0630-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12064-019-00306-1"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/sji.13144","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/sji.13144","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/sji.13144","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T19:46:18Z","timestamp":1692992778000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/sji.13144"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/sji.13144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sji.13144","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9475","1365-3083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9475","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-09-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13144"}}