{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T05:24:30Z","timestamp":1761110670296,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>T cell subsets (CD4 and CD8) play a prominent role in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Colonization with <jats:italic>Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:italic> is recognized as a trigger for the growth of nasal polyps. The fungal proteins initiate the recruitment of T cells into the nasal mucosa, which contributes to the progression of nasal polyps. The study included 50 cases of CRSwNP and 50 healthy controls. Biopsies were subjected to KOH and culture for mycological investigation. We examined the changes in T helper (CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) and T cytotoxic (CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) in total T cells (CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) and expression of naive (CD45RA) and memory (CD45RO) cell markers in T cell subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) challenged by <jats:italic>A.\u2009flavus<\/jats:italic> antigens in cases before and after treatment and in healthy controls by flow cytometry. Predominantly, <jats:italic>A.\u2009flavus<\/jats:italic> (86%) identified in nasal polyp biopsies of patients. An increased percentage of CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells observed after <jats:italic>A.\u2009flavus<\/jats:italic> stimulation in patients when compared with healthy controls. The expression of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD45RA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells was significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) reduced in patients and increased CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD45RO<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> was observed upon stimulation with <jats:italic>A.\u2009flavus<\/jats:italic> in patients when compared with healthy control. Continuous exposure to inhaled fungal spores may induce aberrant immune responses to <jats:italic>A.\u2009flavus<\/jats:italic> spores, causing an allergic immunological reaction with high CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell responses, resulting in an unfavourable outcome. Elevated CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD45RO<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells may transform the pathogenic response and highlight the chances of <jats:italic>A.\u2009flavus<\/jats:italic> reactive T cells involvement in prompting inflammation in CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T08:44:03Z","timestamp":1691397843000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Implications of CD45RA and CD45RO T cell subsets in patients of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis infected with <i>Aspergillus flavus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Gargi","family":"Rai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital Delhi 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Ganapathysubramanian","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charu","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital Delhi 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