{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T16:26:14Z","timestamp":1773591974745,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004836","name":"Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004836","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001732","name":"Danmarks Grundforskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["126"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reliable methods to assess immune function after solid organ transplantation (SOT) are needed to guide dosing of immunosuppression. We hypothesized that toll\u2010like receptor ligand\u2010induced cytokine concentrations would decrease post\u2010transplantation due to the use of immunosuppressive medication. Furthermore, we hypothesized that induced cytokine concentrations pre\u2010transplantation would be higher in recipients with episodes of acute rejection post\u2010transplantation due to underlying immunological dispositions. We aimed to investigate toll\u2010like receptor ligand\u2010induced cytokine concentrations by TruCulture\u00a9, a standardized immunoassay, in SOT recipients before and 3\u2009months after SOT and explored associations with methylprednisolone\u2010treated acute rejections. We conducted a prospective, observational cohort study including 123 participants (67 liver, 32 kidney and 24 lung transplant recipients). Whole blood was stimulated for 22\u2009h with: (A) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), (B) Resiquimod, (C) Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) and (D) a blank control. Cytokine concentrations (TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, IL\u201010, IL\u201012p40, IL\u201017A, IFN\u2010\u03b1 and IFN\u2010\u03b3) were measured by Luminex. 30 participants developed methylprednisolone\u2010treated acute rejection at a median of 9\u2009days (IQR 5\u201317) post\u2010SOT. We found that all induced cytokine concentrations decreased post\u2010SOT except from LPS\u2010induced and Poly I:C\u2010induced IL\u201010. The induced cytokine concentration pre\u2010transplantation did not differ in recipients with or without acute rejection. In conclusion, the induced cytokine concentrations decreased for all stimuli post\u2010SOT, except the anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine IL\u201010. Importantly, recipients developing early acute rejection did not differ in induced cytokine concentrations pre\u2010SOT. Thus, the use of a standardized assay in SOT is feasible in a clinical setting and may provide important information on the immune function post\u2010SOT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T22:59:05Z","timestamp":1700607545000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Differences in toll\u2010like receptor ligand\u2010induced cytokine concentrations before and after solid organ transplantation: A prospective, observational cohort study in a clinical setting"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3909-0643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina Leth","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viro\u2010immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5898-8048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f8ren Schwartz","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9740-1246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Perch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Section for Lung Transplantation, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen 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Delhb\u00e6k","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viro\u2010immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9166-1012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranya","family":"Abdulovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viro\u2010immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9083-863X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoline Stender","family":"Arentoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viro\u2010immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8901-7850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Lundgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity, and Infections, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9550-4767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5288-3851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sisse 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